day 1 单词总结

1.The natural state of a body was to be at rest.

at rest

1.(technical术语)not moving 静止；不动:

»At rest the insect looks like a dead leaf.这种昆虫不动时看上去像一片枯叶。

2. dead and therefore free from trouble or anxiety. People say 'at rest' toavoid saying 'dead'.  (委婉说法,与dead同义)安息,长眠:

»She nowlies at restin the churchyard.她现在长眠在教堂墓地里。

2.Impulse

[C, usually sing., U](formal)something that causes sb / sth to do sth or to develop and make progress 推动力；刺激:

»to give an impulse to the struggling car industry 给予挣扎中的汽车工业一点刺激

3.rotate/rEu5teit; NAmE5routeit/

◙verb

1.~ (about / around sth)to move or turn around a central fixed point;to make sth do this  (使)旋转,转动:

»Rotate the wheel through 180 degrees. 将方向盘转动180度。

2. if a jobrotates, or if people rotate a job, they regularly change the job or regularly change who does the job(工作)由…轮值；(人员)轮换,轮值

»The EU presidency rotates among the members. 欧盟主席一职由其成员国轮流担任。

4.il∙lu∙sion/i5lu:Vn/

◙noun

1.[C, U]a false idea or belief,especially about sb or about a situation 错误的观念；幻想:

»Ihave no illusions about her feelings for me(= I know the truth is that she does not love me).我对她跟我的感情不抱什么幻想。

2.[C]something that seems to existbut in fact does not, or seems to be sth that it is not 幻想的事物；错觉:

»The idea of absolute personal freedom is an illusion. 绝对个人自由的观念是一种幻想。

5.re∙fute/ri5fju:t/

◙verb[VN](formal)

1. to prove that sth is wrong驳斥；批驳【SYN】rebut:

»to refute an argument / a theory, etc.驳斥一个论点、理论等

2. to say that sth is not true or fair反驳；否认 SYN deny:

»She refutes any suggestion that she behaved unprofessionally. 谁要是表示她不在行,她都予以反驳。

6.provided, providing, given

7.fi∙nite/5fainait/

◙adj.

1. having a definite limit or fixed size有限的；有限制的:

»a finite number of possibilities为数有限的可能

»The world's resources are finite.世界的资源是有限的。

【OPP】infinite

8.moon

a natura lsatellite that moves around a planet other than the earth衞星:

»How many moons does Jupiter have?木星有多少颗衞星？

comet 

◙noun

• a mass of ice and dust that moves around the sun and looks like a bright starwith a tail 彗星；扫帚星

fixed star 

a star sodistant that its motion can be measured only by very precise observations overlong periods

gal∙axy/5^AlEksi/

◙noun(pl.-ies)

1.[C]any of the large systems of stars, etc. in outer space星系

2. the Galaxy (alsothe7Milky'Way)[sing.]the system of stars that

contains our sun and its planets, seen as a bright band in the night sky银河；银河系

9.eclipse/i5klips/

◙noun

1.[C]an occasion when the moon passes between the earth and the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the sun for a time; an occasion when the earth passes between the moon and the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the moon for a time日蚀；月蚀:

»aneclipse of the sun / moon日蚀；月蚀

»atotal / partial eclipse全蚀；偏蚀

2.[sing., U]a loss of importance, power, etc. especially because sb /sth else has become more important, powerful, etc.(重要性、权势等的)丧失,黯然失色,暗淡:

»Her work wasin eclipsefor most of the 20th century.她的作品在20世纪大部份时间里都湮没无闻。

◙verb[VN]

1.[often passive](of the moon, the earth, etc.月球、地球等) to cause an eclipse 遮住…的光

2. to make sb / sth seem dull or unimportant by comparison使失色；使相形见绌；使丧失重要性【SYN】outshine,overshadow:

»Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother. 他虽是一个天才的运动员,但与他的兄弟相比就黯然失色了。

10.pos∙tu∙late

◙verb/5pCstjuleit; NAmE5pB:stFEl-/ (formal) to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis for a theory, etc.假定；假设【SYN】posit:

»They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container. 他们假定塑料容器的寿命为500年。

11.mass: technical术语) the quantity of material that sth contains质量:

»calculating the mass of a planet计算一个行星的质量

12.con∙fine/kEn5fain/

◙verb[VN]

1.~ sb / sth to sth[often

passive]to keep sb / sth inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc.限制；限定【SYN】restrict:

»The work will not be confined to the Glasgow area. 此项工作不会局限于格拉斯哥地区。

2.~ sb / sth (in sth)[usually passive]to keep a person or an animal in a small or closed space监禁；禁闭:

»Keep the dog confined in a suitable travelling cage. 把狗关进适于旅行的笼子里。

3. be confined to bed, a wheelchair, etc. to have to stay in bed, in awheelchair, etc.使离不开(或受困于牀、轮椅等):

»He was confined to a wheelchair after the accident.

经过那场事故后他就离不开轮椅了.

13.in∙trin∙sic/in5trinsik;-zik/

◙adj.•~ (to sth)belonging to or part of the real nature of sth / sb固有的；内在的；本身的:

»the intrinsic value of education教育的固有价值

»These tasks were repetitive, lengthy and lacking any intrinsic interest.

这些作业重复冗长,缺乏真正的趣味。

14.latitude:纬度

longitude：经度

15.spe∙cify/5spesifai/

◙verb (speci∙fies,speci∙fy∙ing,speci∙fied,speci∙fied) to state sth, especially by giving an exact measurement, time, exact instructions, etc•具体说明；明确规定；详述；详列:

»The contract clearly specifies who can operate the machinery. 合同明确规定谁可以操作机器。

16.val∙id∙ity/vE5lidEti/

◙noun [U]the state of being legallyor officially acceptable• (法律上的)有效,合法性；(正式的)认可:

»The period of validity of the agreement has expired.本协议的有效期已过。

2. the state of being logical and true符合逻辑；正当；正确:

»We had doubts about the validity of their argument.我们对他们的论点的正确性有过怀疑。

17.over∙lap

◙verb/7EuvE5lAp; NAmE7ouvEr5lAp/ (-pp-)

1. if six thingoverlapsanother, or the ten thingsoverlap, part of six thing covers part of the other(物体)部份重叠,交叠

»The floor was protected with overlapping sheets of newspaper. 地板用一张搭着一张的报纸保护着。

2.[VN]to make ten or more things overlap使部份重叠:

»You will need to overlap the pieces of wood slightly. 你得使这些木片像鱼鳞片似的搭叠起来。

3.[V VN]if ten eventsoverlaporoverlapeach other, the second six starts before the first six has finished(时间上)部份重叠

4.~ (with sth)to cover part of the same area of interest, knowledge,responsibility, etc.(范围方面)部份重叠:

»Our jobs overlap slightly, which sometimes causes difficulties. 我们的工作略有重叠,所以有时引起一些困难。

◙noun/5EuvElAp; NAmE5ouvErlAp/

1.[C, U]~ (between sth and sth)a shared area ofinterest, knowledge, responsibility, etc. (范围方面的)重叠部份:

»There is (a) considerable overlap between the ten subjects.两门科目之间有相当多的共通之处。

2.[C, U]the amount by which six thing covers another thing• (物体的)重叠部份,重叠量:

3.[sing.]a period of time in which ten events or activities happen together(两事发生的)重叠时间,交接时期:

»There will be an overlap of a week while John teaches Ann the job.将有一周的交接期供约翰向安解释工作性质。

18.spa∙tial(alsospa∙cial) /5speiFl/

◙adj.• (formalortechnical术语) relating to space and the position, size, shape, etc. of things

in it空间的:

»changes taking place in the spatial distribution of the population人口的地域分布所发生的变化

19.hori∙zon∙tal/7hCri5zCntl; NAmE7hC:rE5zB:ntl;7hB:r-/

◙adj.flat and level; going across and parallel tothe ground rather than going up and down水平的；与地面平行的；横的:

»horizontal lines横线

反义词：vertical

◙noun

1. the hori∙zon∙tal[U]a horizontal position水平位置:

»He shifted his position from the horizontal.他从水平姿势变换成其他姿势。

2.[C]ahorizontallineor surface水平线；水平面；横线；横切面

20.emit/i5mit/

◙verb(-tt-)[VN](formal)to send out sth such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等):

»The metal container began to emit a clicking sound.金属容器开始发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音。

»Sulphur gases were emitted by the volcano.硫磺气体由火山喷发出来。

21.vel∙ocity/vE5lCsEti; NAmE-5lB:s-/

◙noun[U, C](pl.-ies).(technical术语) the speed of sth in a particular direction(沿某一方向的)速度:

»the velocity of light光速

22.sheer luck

That she survived the earthquake is sheer luck.

她在地震中幸免于难纯靠运气。

23.hail/heil/

◙verb

1.[usually passive]~ sb / sth (as) sthto describe sb / sth as being very good or special, especially in newspapers, etc.赞扬(或称颂)…为(尤用于报章等):

»Teenager Matt Brown is being hailed a hero for saving a young child from drowning. 因救起一名溺水儿童,少年马特·布朗被誉为英雄。

2.[VN]to signal to a taxi or a bus, in order to get the driver to stop招手(请出租车或公共汽车停下):

»tohail a taxi / cab打手势叫住出租车/计程车

3.[VN](literary) to call to sb in order to say hello to them orattract their attention•跟…打招呼；向…喊:

»A voice hailed us from the other side of the street.街对面有个声音招呼我们。

24.de∙flect/di5flekt/

◙verb

1. to change direction or make sth change direction, especially after hittingsth• (尤指击中某物后)偏斜,转向,使偏斜,使转向:

»The ball deflected off Reid's body into the goal.球打在里德身上反弹进球门。

2.[VN] to succeed in preventing sth from being directed towards you转移；引开

【SYN】divert:

»All attempts todeflect attentionfrom his private life have failed. 本想转移人们对他私生活的注意,但一切努力都失败了。

3.[VN]~ sb (from sth)to prevent sb from doing sth that they are determined to do阻止(某人做已决定做的事):

»The government will not be deflected from its commitments.政府决不会因任何阻碍而放弃承诺。

【n】deflection

25.repel/ri5pel/

◙verb(-ll-)

1.[VN](formal) to successfully fight sb who is attacking you,your country, etc. and drive them away击退；驱逐:

»torepel an attack / invasion /invader击退进攻/入侵；驱逐入侵者

2.[VN]to drive, push or keep sth away推开；赶走；驱除:

»The fabric has been treated to repel water.这种织物进行过防水处理。

3.[VN](not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时)to make sb feel horror or disgust使恐惧；使厌恶【SYN】disgust,repulse:

»I was repelled by the smell.这种气味让我恶心。

day 2 单词补充、背景梳理

1.Equation. Equivalence.Equivalent.

equa∙tion/i5kweiVn/ ◙noun

1.[C](mathematics数) astatement showing that two amounts or values are equal, for example 2x + y = 54 方程；方程式；等式

2.[U, sing.]the act of making sth equal orconsidering sth as equal (= ofequatingthem) 相等；等同看待:

»The equation of wealth with happiness can be dangerous.把财富与幸福等同起来可能是危险的。

Equivalence： there isequivalencebetween two things, they have the same use, function, size, or value. (用途、功能、尺寸、价值等的)相等;等值

equiva∙lent/i5kwivElEnt/

◙adj.

•~ (to sth)equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.

• (价值、数量、意义、重要性等)相等的,相同的:

»Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.

八公里约等于五英里。

2.Let go of a ball on a slope; 

a ball roll downthe slope

3.de∙ter∙mine/di5tE:min;NAmE-5tE:rm-/

◙verb(formal)

1. to discover the facts about sth; to calculate sth exactly 查明；测定；准确算出

»An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident.

已展开调查以确定事故原因。

4.the theory of relativity put an end to the idea of time.

5.Curve 弯曲，曲线球

 微笑曲线理论：

微笑嘴型的一条曲线,两端朝上，在产业链中，附加值更多体现在两端，设计和销售，处于中间环节的制造附加值最低。微笑曲线中间是制造；左边是研发，属于全球性的竞争；右边是营销，主要是当地性的竞争。当前制造产生的利润低，全球制造也已供过于求，但是研发与营销的附加价值高，因此产业未来应朝微笑曲线的两端发展，也就是在左边加强研展创造智慧财产权，在右边加强客户导向的营销与服务。

微笑曲线有两个要点,第一个是可以找出附加价值在哪里,第二个是关于竞争的型态。

7.Geodesic:geo∙des∙ic

◙adj.(technical术语)relating to the shortest possible line between ten points on a curved surface  (连接两点的)曲面最短线的；测地线的

安妮背景讲解补充：

1. 时间不绝对的表现：1时间“点”不绝对；2 duration事件的经过时长不绝对

2. 静质量：rest mass

 相对论质量：relativistic mass

3. 原子钟是靠原子能量释放出来的微波来测量的，微波也受重力场的影响。

4. 二维不仅是指直角坐标系那样的二维平面，也可以是球面，例如地球的经度纬度，他们也可以表示一个位置

5. 光是没有静质量的光子的振动

day 3 安妮讲解、群讨论 思维导图

安妮讲解

1.Impulse：冲动 I have the impulse to buy that pairof shoes.

2.Lead weight:镇纸

3.Eachbody increases its speed at the same rate.

Speed:物体运行的速率；rate是速率，单位时间内的变化。

At表示在某个“点”

4.What happens to a body (when a force does acton it) is given by Newton’s second law.

句子结构的分析

Act on:表示（力）作用在…上

5.The body will change its speed at a rate that is proportional to the force.

be proportional to:与…成正比例的

6.Mass=quantity of matter

7.Take up:采取立场，（物体）进入、保持某种状态

8.It follows from Newton’s law that…从…中推演出…

9.All Newton’s laws will still hold.

Hold= remaing true

10.The two bounces would seem to take place about forty meters apart.

Apart是指两者之间的距离The train travels down the track.

11.Down是指“沿着”的意思，不是往下。例如go down the hallway

12.He observed that the times at which the moons of Jupiter appeared to pass behind Jupiter were notevenly spaced.

Evenly spaced:是指均分分布

13.Theory of the propagation of light.光运动的规律

Propaganda：政治宣传

14.The light that are at the right angles to that motion垂直

15.Speed up：加速，

Up有重复不断的意思。Chop it，chop it up

16.We now define distance in terms of time and the speed of light. 以..为标准，来定义…，就…而言

term

1.[C]a word or phrase used as thename of sth, especially six connected with a particular type of language词语；术语；措辞:

»atechnical / legal / scientific, etc. term技术、法律、科学等术语

17.the plane of the orbits of the plants

geometry几何)any flat or level surface, or an imaginary flat surface through or joining material

objects平面:

»thehorizontal / vertical plane水平/垂直平面

18.dis∙tinc∙tion/di5stiNkFn/

◙noun

1.[C]~ (between A and B)a clear difference or contrast especially between people or things that are similar or related差别；区别；对比:

»distinctions between traditional and modern societies 传统社会和现代社会的差别

19.hail hydra

思维导图

（annie思维导图）

day 4 总结反思

总结的第一句话一定要狠狠地夸一下自己：我真棒！终于搞懂了相对论的皮毛！而且还是英文的！

学习过程

周三写完第一篇总结的时候，很期待、很好奇、也很害怕下一篇文章，总感觉师太会出大招。果不其然，周四眼睛一睁开就打开手机，看到要读时间简史的时候我还是蒙了好几秒。。

作为一个高中理科生、大学从文的我，物理水平还停留在经典力学，对于现代物理，什么波粒二相性、相对论只记得结论和大概，到底是啥真的完全不懂啊。

早上出门的时候，翻出那本“珍藏”已久的《时间简史》中文版，想着自己不懂的话可以看中文来帮助理解。

开始的时候，还是决定先从英文入手，不要给自己找借口、逃避。然而，第一遍并没有看完。文章开始的关于经典力学的部分还很好理解，可是后来跳到“光”的时候就开始有点混乱，不知道作者想要论述什么。又坚持往下看了一点，到光锥的时候终于彻底放弃了。

我又拿起中文读本。前面内容依旧看的比较容易，中文让我对看英文的时候遇到的几个例子又有了更加清晰的理解。到后来进入相对论的部分，我还是恍恍惚惚的状态。

总结起来，我觉得“知识储备”是理解文章的很重要的关键吧。前面的经典力学高中讲很多，读起来很顺溜，但是相对论的部分，即使跨越了语言的障碍，依旧很难理解。顺便说一句，我觉得在理解的角度，中文译本读起来真的没有英文原文那么通俗易懂。翻译并没有翻出那种深入浅出、语言简单的感觉。

这个瓶颈期最终还是通过安妮的音频来突破的！安妮很能了解我们正常人根深蒂固的常识，从而在此基础上进行讲解。就比如对“绝对时间“的否定。虽然文章一直说时间不是绝对的，但是我就是搞不清其中的缘由。但是安妮梳理了一下基本概念，用火车上的乒乓球就把我弄懂了！还有对时间“点”和“经过时长”的解释也一样。

到这个时候，我心里大概清楚文章的脉络了，又去把群里两天的讨论又翻了一遍，结合安妮老师的讲解，又读了一遍全文，画出了思维导图。

文章结构

经过梳理之后，文章的结构似乎看起来也没有那么难把握。在我看来，就是按照时间顺序，从“绝对时间、绝对空间”两个概念，科学界进行假设、试验、论证，进行否定的过程。

在文章中一些我第一遍理解起来有问题的地方，正如安妮老师所说，可能是文章的行文有点跳跃，没有顺着“物理小白”的思路在走。这也提醒我在写作中注意前后的逻辑连贯的问题。

除此之外，我觉得如果这篇文章像第一篇一样，加几个小标题，是不是就更能让人理解了？

遗留问题

最后，我也知道自己这几天了解的最多也就是相对论的皮毛。就把这过程中还遗留的问题写下来，希望以后有机会再继续深入。

1.质能方程和四维时空的本质为什么是一样的？

2.四维时空的概念还需继续了解

3.原子钟（时钟）的原理是什么？

4.双胞胎佯谬该怎么解释？

5.重力场与频率之间的变化关系是怎样的？