webpack中关于pitching loader
的文档比较不清楚:
The loaders are called from right to left. But in some cases loaders do not care about the results of the previous loader or the resource. They only care for metadata. The pitch method on the loaders is called from left to right before the loaders are called. If a loader delivers a result in the pitch method the process turns around and skips the remaining loaders, continuing with the calls to the more left loaders. data can be passed between pitch and normal call.
比如a!b!c!module
, 正常调用顺序应该是c、b、a,但是真正调用顺序是
a(pitch)、b(pitch)、c(pitch)、c、b、a, 如果其中任何一个pitching loader返回了值就相当于在它以及它右边的loader已经执行完毕。
比如如果b返回了字符串"result b", 接下来只有a会被系统执行,且a的loader收到的参数是result b
。
也就是说pitching loader
的初衷是为了提升效率,少执行几个loader。
然而这样的机会并不多。更为常用的是它的另一个用途。
根据官方文档:
In the complex case, when multiple loaders are chained, only the last loader gets the resource file and only the first loader is expected to give back one or two values (JavaScript and SourceMap). Values that any other loader give back are passed to the previous loader.
loader根据返回值可以分为两种,一种是返回js代码(一个module的代码,含有类似module.export
语句)的loader,还有不能作为最左边loader的其他loader
问题是有时候我们想把两个第一种loader chain起来,比如style-loader!css-loader!
问题是css-loader
的返回值是一串js代码,如果按正常方式写style-loader
的参数就是一串代码字符串。就算eval
了也不一定拿到什么值
eval('module.export="result";console.log("hello world")') === "hello world"
为了解决这种问题,我们需要在style-loader
里执行require(css-loader!resouce)
, 这会把css-loader
跑一遍,也就是说如果按正常顺序执行css-loader
会跑两遍(第一遍拿到的js代码用不了), 为了只执行一次,style-loader
利用了pitching
, 在pitching
函数里require(css-loader!resouce)
。然后返回js代码(style-loader能够作为最左边loader)