logging模块基础知识

• 简单的将日志打印到屏幕

import logging 

logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')

屏幕打印：
WARNING:root:This is warning message

默认情况下，logging将日志打印到屏幕，日志级别为WARNING：日志级别大小关系为：CARITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTEST,当然也可自己定义日志级别。

• 通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置

import  logging
logging.basicConfig(level = logging.DEBUG,
        format = '%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineo)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
        datefmt = '%a,%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
        filename = 'myapp.log',
        filemode = 'w')
        
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')

./myapp.log文件中内容为：
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning 
message

logging.basicConfig 函数各参数

logging的几种handle方式如下

由于StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的日志处理方式，所以直接包含在logging模块中，而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中

logging模块实例

• 将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕

import logging


logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
                datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
                filename='myapp.log',
                filemode='w')

#################################################################################################
#定义一个StreamHandler，将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误，并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
console.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
#################################################################################################

logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
 
屏幕上打印:
root        : INFO     This is info message
root        : WARNING  This is warning message
./myapp.log文件中内容为:
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message

• logging日志回滚

import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

#定义一个RotatingFileHandler，最多备份5个日志文件，每个日志文件最大10M
Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5)
Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)

从上例和本例可看出，logging有一个日志处理的主对象，其他处理方式都是通过addHandler添加的

• 通过logging.config模块配置日志

#logger.conf
###############################################
[loggers]
keys=root,example01,example02
[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=hand01,hand02
[logger_example01]
handlers=hand01,hand02
qualname=example01
propagate=0
[logger_example02]
handlers=hand01,hand03
qualname=example02
propagate=0
###############################################
[handlers]
keys=hand01,hand02,hand03
[handler_hand01]
class=StreamHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=(sys.stderr,)
[handler_hand02]
class=FileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=form01
args=('myapp.log', 'a')
[handler_hand03]
class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)
###############################################
[formatters]
keys=form01,form02
[formatter_form01]
format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s
datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S
[formatter_form02]
format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
datefmt=

• 例一：

import logging
import logging.config

logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example01")

logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')

• 例二：

import logging
import logging.config

logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example02")

logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')