1.简介

Nginx Unit是一个面向微服务架构的、依托Nginx、支持多语言的动态Web应用服务器。
在2018年6月7日发布了1.2版本。
官网：https://www.nginx.com/products/nginx-unit/
项目地址：https://github.com/nginx/unit

2.功能

• 可使用 RESTful JSON API 动态配置服务器
• 可同时运行多语言及多版本的应用
• 动态语言的进程管理功能（开发中）
• TLS 支持（开发中）
• TCP, HTTP, HTTPS, HTTP/2 路由和代理（开发中）

3.支持语言

• Python
• PHP
• Go
• Perl
• Ruby
• JavaScript/Node.js (开发中)
• Java (开发中)

4.环境搭建

OS：Ubuntu 18.04

4.1 下载密钥并将其添加到apt的keyring

$ wget https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
$ sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key

该密钥用于验证Nginx公司签发的仓库软件包,以消除安装过程中的告警。

4.2 新增软件源

创建文件：/etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list，并
添加内容：

deb https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu/ bionic unit
deb-src https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu/ bionic unit

4.3 安装Unit基础包

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install unit

4.4 安装模块包

根据需要添加：

$ sudo apt-get install unit-python3.6 unit-go1.9

当前1.2版本支持模块有：

unit-python2.7
unit-python3.6
unit-go1.9
unit-go1.10
unit-perl
unit-php
unit-ruby

安装输出信息：

The Go 1.9 module for NGINX Unit has been installed.

To check out the sample app, run these commands:

 GOPATH=/usr/share/gocode /usr/lib/go-1.9/bin/go build -o /tmp/go1.9-app /usr/share/doc/unit-go1.9/examples/go-app/let-my-people.go
 sudo service unit restart
 sudo service unit loadconfig /usr/share/doc/unit-go1.9/examples/unit.config
 curl http://localhost:8500/

Online documentation is available at https://unit.nginx.org

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unpacking unit-go1.9 (1.2-1~bionic) ...
Selecting previously unselected package unit-python3.6.
Preparing to unpack .../7-unit-python3.6_1.2-1~bionic_amd64.deb ...
----------------------------------------------------------------------

The Python 3.6 module for NGINX Unit has been installed.

To check out the sample app, run these commands:

 sudo service unit restart
 sudo service unit loadconfig /usr/share/doc/unit-python3.6/examples/unit.config
 curl http://localhost:8400/

Online documentation is available at https://unit.nginx.org

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unpacking unit-python3.6 (1.2-1~bionic) ...
Setting up golang-1.9-race-detector-runtime (0.0+svn285455-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up pkg-config (0.29.1-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up golang-1.9-src (1.9.4-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) ...
Setting up unit-python3.6 (1.2-1~bionic) ...
Setting up golang-1.9-go (1.9.4-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up golang-1.9-doc (1.9.4-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up golang-1.9 (1.9.4-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up unit-go1.9 (1.2-1~bionic) ...

5.开发步骤

5.1 启动unit服务

$ sudo unitd --control 127.0.0.1:8443

为了便于使用RESTful JSON API动态配置服务器，配置--control指定IP和端口，默认采用：
unix:/var/run/control.unit.sock

查看进程是否成功启动：

调用返回如下信息，说明启动成功：

5.2 服务接口编写

• Go

文件名：unit.go

package main
    
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "nginx/unit"
)   
    
func index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "text/plain")
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Go ngnix unit")
}   
    
func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", index)                                                                                                                                           
    unit.ListenAndServe("8000", nil)
} 

编译：

$ GOPATH=/usr/share/gocode go build -o go-app unit.go

• python

unit.py

import sys 
                                                                                                                                                                          
def application(environ, start_response):
    body = sys.version.encode("utf-8")
    status = "200 OK"
    headers = [("Content-type", "text/plain")]
    start_response(status, headers)
    return [body]

5.3 动态全量添加配置

$ cat go.json 
{
    "applications": {
        "example_go": {
            "type": "go",
            "user": "nobody",
            "executable": "/home/jasonruan/Software/Ngnix/Unit/example/go/go-app"
        }
    },

    "listeners": {
        "*:8500": {
            "application": "unit_go"
        }
    }
}

• 全量配置动态加载：

$ curl -X PUT -d@go.json 127.0.0.1:8443
{
    "success": "Reconfiguration done."
}

• 查看配置，已加载成功：

• 测试接口，返回预期信息：

5.4 动态调整配置

• 编写python服务接口的配置，进行增量追加
  配置：

$ cat unit_python.json 
{
    "type": "python 3.6",
    "user": "nobody",
    "processes": 2,
    "path": "/home/jasonruan/Software/Ngnix/Unit/example/python",
    "module": "unit"
}

• 追加配置：

$ curl -X PUT -d@unit_python.json '127.0.0.1:8443/applications/unit_python'
{
    "success": "Reconfiguration done."
}

• 查看配置情况：

$ http 127.0.0.1:8443
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: close
Content-Length: 421
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2018 01:22:42 GMT
Server: Unit/1.2

{
    "applications": {
        "unit_go": {
            "executable": "/home/jasonruan/Software/Ngnix/Unit/example/go/go-app",
            "type": "go",
            "user": "nobody"
        },
        "unit_python": {
            "module": "unit",
            "path": "/home/jasonruan/Software/Ngnix/Unit/example/python",
            "processes": 2,
            "type": "python 3.6",
            "user": "nobody"
        }
    },
    "listeners": {
        "*:8500": {
            "application": "unit_go"
        }
    }
}

• 将listeners动态改为unit_python：

$ curl -X PUT -d '"unit_python"' '127.0.0.1:8443/listeners/*:8500/application'
{
    "success": "Reconfiguration done."
}

• 测试：

  符合预期，返回内容是python api提供服务内容。

• 追加Go的listener配置：

$ curl -X PUT -d@unit_go.json '127.0.0.1:8443/listeners/*:8600'

• 测试：

  Go和Python服务均能正常访问，符合预期。

5.5 动态删除配置

$ curl -X DELETE '127.0.0.1:8443/listeners/*:8600'
{
    "success": "Reconfiguration done."
}
$ curl -X DELETE '127.0.0.1:8443/applications/unit_go'
{
    "success": "Reconfiguration done."
}

注：需要删除listeners后方能删除applications配置。

6.后记

本文只是一篇初浅的入门文章，重点介绍了环境搭建以及动态配置服务器，与Nginx整合及安全性等方面后续进行补充。

7.参考

http://unit.nginx.org/?_ga=2.114330055.1787926827.1528855190-288714655.1525766596