一、编写GPIO驱动
- 查找 GPIO 寄存器配置(gpio0为例)
查手册获取 GPIO0 设置相关的寄存器
GPIO#11 引脚,GPIO1_MODE[1:0] (01)来设置其为GPIO功能
通过设置 GPIO_CTRL_0 [11号引脚]为1将 GPIO11 设置为输出模式
通过设置 GPIO_DATA_0 [11号引脚]为0或1 将 GPIO11 输出设置为0或1
二、创建模块文件目录:
1、在源码目录下的/package/kernel/目录下创建chardrv目录
2、在chardrv目录下创建Makefile文件和src目录
3、在src目录下创建Makefile文件和chardrv.c文件
三、编写驱动文件
1、chardrv目录下的Makefile文件内容:
#
# Copyright (C) 2008 OpenWrt.org
#
# This is free software, licensed under the GNU General Public License v2.
# See /LICENSE for more information.
#
include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/kernel.mk
PKG_NAME:=chardrv #字符设备驱动模块名称
PKG_RELEASE:=2 #版本号
include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk
define KernelPackage/chardrv #内核模块
SUBMENU:=Other modules #进行归类
TITLE:=chardrv #标题
FILES:=$(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/chardrv.ko #模块文件
AUTOLOAD:=$(call AutoLoad,61,chardrv,1) #开启自动装载
KCONFIG:=
endef
define KernelPackage/chardrv/description
Kernel module for register chardrv. #描述
endef
EXTRA_KCONFIG:= \
CONFIG_CHARDRV=m
EXTRA_CFLAGS:= \
$(patsubst CONFIG_%, -DCONFIG_%=1, $(patsubst %=m,%,$(filter %=m,$(EXTRA_KCONFIG)))) \
$(patsubst CONFIG_%, -DCONFIG_%=1, $(patsubst %=y,%,$(filter %=y,$(EXTRA_KCONFIG)))) \
MAKE_OPTS:= \
ARCH="$(LINUX_KARCH)" \
CROSS_COMPILE="$(TARGET_CROSS)" \
SUBDIRS="$(PKG_BUILD_DIR)" \
EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(EXTRA_CFLAGS)" \
$(EXTRA_KCONFIG)
define Build/Prepare
mkdir -p $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)
$(CP) ./src/* $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/
endef
define Build/Compile
$(MAKE) -C "$(LINUX_DIR)" \
$(MAKE_OPTS) \
modules
endef
$(eval $(call KernelPackage,chardrv))
2、src目录下的Makefile文件内容:
obj-${CONFIG_CHARDRV} += chardrv.o
3、src目录下的chardrv.c文件内容:
/*****************************
*
* 字符设备驱动程序模板
*
*******************************/
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/raw.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/crash_dump.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/splice.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/aio.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
/**************** 基本定义 **********************/
#define LED_ON 0
#define LED_OFF 1
//define registers
volatile unsigned long *GPIO_CTRL_0;// GPIO0-GPIO31 direction control register
volatile unsigned long *GPIO_DATA_0;// GPIO0-GPIO31 data register
volatile unsigned long *GPIO1_MODE;// GPIO1 purpose selection register
volatile unsigned long *AGPIO_CFG;// Analog GPIO configuartion, GPIO14-17 purpose
//加密函数参数内容: _IOW(IOW_CHAR , IOW_NUMn , IOW_TYPE)
//加密函数用于chardrv_ioctl函数中
//使用举例:ioctl(fd , _IOW('L',0x80,long) , 0x1);
//#define NUMn chardrv
#define IOW_CHAR 'L'
#define IOW_TYPE long
#define IOW_NUM1 0x80
//初始化函数必要资源定义
//用于初始化函数当中
//device number;
//设备号
dev_t dev_num;
//struct dev
//字符设备
struct cdev chardrv_cdev;
//auto "mknode /dev/chardrv c dev_num minor_num"
//自动创建设备对象
struct class *chardrv_class = NULL;
struct device *chardrv_device = NULL;
/**************** 结构体 file_operations 成员函数 *****************/
//open
static int chardrv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("chardrv drive open...\n");
*GPIO_DATA_0&=~(1<<11);
return 0;
}
//close
static int chardrv_close(struct inode *inode , struct file *file)
{
printk("chardrv drive close...\n");
return 0;
}
//read
static ssize_t chardrv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *pos)
{
int ret_v = 0;
printk("chardrv drive read...\n");
return ret_v;
}
//write
static ssize_t chardrv_write( struct file *file , const char __user *buffer, size_t len , loff_t *offset )
{
int ret_v = 0;
printk("chardrv drive write...\n");
return ret_v;
}
//unlocked_ioctl
static int chardrv_ioctl (struct file *filp , unsigned int cmd , unsigned long arg)
{
int ret_v = 0;
printk("chardrv drive ioctl...\n");
switch(cmd) {
//常规:
//cmd值自行进行修改
case LED_ON:
{
*GPIO_DATA_0 |= (1<<11);
printk("set gpio 0 on\n");
}
break;
case LED_OFF:
{
*GPIO_DATA_0 &= ~(1<<11);
printk("set gpio 0 off\n");
}
break;
//带密码保护:
//请在"基本定义"进行必要的定义
case _IOW(IOW_CHAR,IOW_NUM1,IOW_TYPE):
{
if(arg == 0x1) //第二条件
{
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
return ret_v;
} /***************** 结构体: file_operations ,该结构体将驱动中的函数和应用层函数关联(例如当调用应用层调用open函数时就会调用驱动中的open函数)************************/
static const struct file_operations chardrv_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = chardrv_open,
.release = chardrv_close,
.read = chardrv_read,
.write = chardrv_write,
.unlocked_ioctl = chardrv_ioctl,
};
unsigned char init_flag = 0;
unsigned char add_code_flag = 0;
//使用insmod挂载驱动时回调
static __init int chardrv_init(void)
{
int ret_v = 0;
printk("mydrv drive init...\n");
/*
函数alloc_chrdev_region主要参数说明:
参数1: 自动分配的设备号
参数2: 次设备号
参数3: 创建多少个设备
*/
if( ( ret_v = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_num,0,1,"chardrv") ) < 0 ) //为chardrv动态分配设备号
{
goto dev_reg_error;
}
init_flag = 1; //标示设备创建成功
//打印主设备号和次设备号
printk("The drive info of chardrv:\nmajor: %d\nminor: %d\n", MAJOR(dev_num),MINOR(dev_num));
//关联设备和操作函数
cdev_init(&chardrv_cdev,&chardrv_fops);
//注册设备
if( (ret_v = cdev_add(&chardrv_cdev,dev_num,1)) != 0 )
{
goto cdev_add_error;
}
//创建设备类,用于自动创建设备
chardrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"chardrv");
if( IS_ERR(chardrv_class) )
{
goto class_c_error;
}
//通过设备类创建设备
chardrv_device = device_create(chardrv_class,NULL,dev_num,NULL,"chardrv");
if( IS_ERR(chardrv_device) )
{
goto device_c_error;
}
printk("auto mknod success!\n");
//------------ 请在此添加您的初始化程序 --------------//
//AGPIO_CFG = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x1000003c,4); //init register address
GPIO1_MODE = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x10000060,4);
GPIO_CTRL_0 = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x10000600,4);
GPIO_DATA_0 = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x10000620,4);
*GPIO1_MODE&=~(1<<1); //set SPIS purpose as GPIO11
*GPIO1_MODE|=1;
*GPIO_CTRL_0|=(1<<11); //set GPIO17 as output pin
//如果需要做错误处理,请:goto mydrv_error;
add_code_flag = 1;
//---------------------- END ---------------------------//
goto init_success;
dev_reg_error:
printk("alloc_chrdev_region failed\n");
return ret_v;
cdev_add_error:
printk("cdev_add failed\n");
unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1);
init_flag = 0;
return ret_v;
class_c_error:
printk("class_create failed\n");
cdev_del(&chardrv_cdev);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1);
init_flag = 0;
return PTR_ERR(chardrv_class);
device_c_error:
printk("device_create failed\n");
cdev_del(&chardrv_cdev);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1);
class_destroy(chardrv_class);
init_flag = 0;
return PTR_ERR(chardrv_device);
//------------------ 请在此添加您的错误处理内容 ----------------//
chardrv_error:
add_code_flag = 0;
return -1;
//-------------------- END -------------------//
init_success:
printk("chardrv init success!\n");
return 0;
}
//使用rmmod卸载驱动是回调该函数
static __exit void chardrv_exit(void)
{
printk("chardrv drive exit...\n");
if (add_code_flag == 1)
{
printk("free your resources...\n");
iounmap(GPIO1_MODE);
iounmap(GPIO_CTRL_0);
iounmap(GPIO_DATA_0);
printk("free finish\n");
}
//释放初始化使用到的资源;
if (init_flag == 1) {
cdev_del(&chardrv_cdev);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1);
device_unregister(chardrv_device);
class_destroy(chardrv_class);
}
}
/**************** module operations**********************/
//声明加载函数和卸载函数
module_init(chardrv_init);
module_exit(chardrv_exit);
//some infomation
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
MODULE_AUTHOR("LFJ");
/********************* The End ***************************/
四、编译驱动
1、切换到源码目录的根目录:如openwrt目录
2、make menconfig
3、选择Kernel modules -->other modules-->kmod-chardrv,保存退出
4、sudo make package/kernel/chardrv/compile V=99
5、编译成功后的文件在openwrt/bin/ramips/packages/kernel/ 目录下的kmod-chardrv_4.4.7-2_ramips_24kec.ipk文件
五、装载驱动模块到内核和卸载模块
1、可以通过scp将kmod-chardrv_4.4.7-2_ramips_24kec.ipk文件拷贝到板子上
2、在板子上执行opkg install kmod-chardrv_4.4.7-2_ramips_24kec.ipk 执行成功后在/lib/modules/4.4.7/目录下可以找到chardrv.ko文件
3、insmod chardrv.ko #将装载到内核中
4、rmmod chardrv.ko #将chardrv.ko模块从内核中卸载
六、应用程序测试
1、编写应用程序测试代码my_led.c
/*************************************************************************
> File Name: led_app.c
> Author:
> Mail: LFJ
> Created Time: 2019年01月17日 星期四 17时56分19秒
************************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#define LED_ON 0
#define LED_OFF 1
char str_dev[]="/dev/leddrv";
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
int fd;
if(argc!=2) {
printf(" %s <on|off> to turn on or off LED on GPIO11\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
fd=open(str_dev,O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK);
if(fd<0) {
printf("can't open %s \n",str_dev);
return -1;
} if(!strcmp("on",argv[1])) {
while(1) {
ioctl(fd,LED_ON);
sleep(1);
ioctl(fd,LED_OFF);
sleep(1);
}
} else if(!strcmp("off",argv[1])) {
ioctl(fd,LED_OFF);
} else {
printf(" %s <on|off> to turn on or off LED on GPIO11\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
2、编译程序
执行mipsel-openwrt-linux-gcc my_led.c -o my_led
3、通过scp将my_led可执行文件拷贝到openwrt板子上./ my_led on执行,执行成功GPIO0将会循环亮、灭