本例需求：使用H264, H265实现视频数据的编码并录制开始200帧存为文件.
原理：比如做直播功能，需要将客户端的视频数据传给服务器，如果分辨率过大如2K,4K则传输压力太大，所以需要对视频数据进行编码，传给服务器后再解码以实现大数据量的视频数据的传输，而利用硬件编码则可以极大限度减小CPU压力，
H264进行编码，iOS 11 之后，iPhone 7以上的设备可以支持新的编码器H265编码器，使得同等质量视频占用的存储空间更小。所以本例中可以使用两种方式实现视频数据的编码
最终效果如下 ： h264
H264 编码
h265 :
H265编码
GitHub地址(附代码) : H264,H265Encode
简书地址 : H264,H265Encode
博客地址 : H264,H265Encode
掘金地址 : H264,H265Encode
实现方式：
1. H264 : H264是当前主流编码标准，以高压缩高质量和支持多种网络的流媒体传输著称
2. H265 ：H264编码器的下一代，它的主要优点提供的压缩比高，相同质量的视频是H264的两倍。
一.本文需要基本知识点
注意:可以先通过H264,H265编码器介绍, H.264 Data Structure了解预备知识。
1. 软编与硬编概念
- 软编码：使用CPU进行编码。
- 硬编码：不使用CPU进行编码，使用显卡GPU,专用的DSP、FPGA、ASIC芯片等硬件进行编码。
- 比较
- 软编码：实现直接、简单，参数调整方便，升级易，但CPU负载重，性能较硬编码低，低码率下质量通常比硬编码要好一点。
- 性能高，低码率下通常质量低于软编码器，但部分产品在GPU硬件平台移植了优秀的软编码算法（如X264）的，质量基本等同于软编码。
- 苹果在iOS 8.0系统之前，没有开放系统的硬件编码解码功能，不过Mac OS系统一直有，被称为Video ToolBox的框架来处理硬件的编码和解码，终于在iOS 8.0后，苹果将该框架引入iOS系统
- 比较
2.H265优点
- 压缩比高，在相同图片质量情况下，比JPEG高两倍
- 能增加如图片的深度信息，透明通道等辅助图片。
- 支持存放多张图片，类似相册和集合。(实现多重曝光的效果)
- 支持多张图片实现GIF和livePhoto的动画效果。
- 无类似JPEG的最大像素限制
- 支持透明像素
- 分块加载机制
- 支持缩略图
二.代码解析
1.实现流程
- 初始化相机参数，设置相机代理，这里就固定只有竖屏模式。
- 初始化编码器参数，并启动编码器
- 在编码成功的回调中从开始录制200帧(文件大小可自行修改)的视频，存到沙盒中，可以通过连接数据线到电脑从itunes中将文件(test0.asf)提取出来
2.编码器实现流程
- 创建编码器需要的session (h264, h265 或同时创建)
- 设置session属性,如实时编码，码率，fps, 编码的分辨率的宽高，相邻I帧的最大间隔等等
-
注意H265目前不支持码率的限制
-
- 当相机回调AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate采集到一帧数据的时候则使用H264/H265编码器对每一帧数据进行编码。
- 若编码成功会触发回调，回调函数首先检测是否有I帧出现，如果有I帧出现则将sps,pps信息写入否则遍历NALU码流并将startCode替换成{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01}
3.主要方法解析
- 初始化编码器
首先选择使用哪种方式实现，在本例中可以设置[XDXHardwareEncoder getInstance].enableH264 = YES 或者 [XDXHardwareEncoder getInstance].enableH265 = YES，也可以同时设置，如果同时设置需要将其中一个回调函数中的writeFile的方法屏蔽掉，并且只有较新的iPhone(> iPhone8 稳定)才支持同时打开两个session。
判断当前设备是否支持H265编码，必须满足两个条件，一是iPhone 7 以上设备，二是版本大于iOS 11
if (@available(iOS 11.0, *)) {
BOOL hardwareDecodeSupported = VTIsHardwareDecodeSupported(kCMVideoCodecType_HEVC);
if (hardwareDecodeSupported) {
_deviceSupportH265 = YES;
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Support H265 Encode/Decode!");
}
}else {
_deviceSupportH265 = NO;
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Not support H265 Encode/Decode!");
}
系统已经提供VTIsHardwareDecodeSupported判断当前设备是否支持H265编码
初始化编码器操作
- (void)prepareForEncode {
if(self.width == 0 || self.height == 0) {
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : VTSession need with and height for init,with = %d,height = %d",self.width, self.height);
return;
}
if(g_isSupportRealTimeEncoder) NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Device processor is 64 bit");
else NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Device processor is not 64 bit");
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Current h264 open state : %d, h265 open state : %d",self.enableH264, self.enableH265);
OSStatus h264Status,h265Status;
BOOL isRestart = NO;
if (self.enableH264) {
if (h264CompressionSession != NULL) {
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H264 session not NULL");
return;
}
[m_h264_lock lock];
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Prepare H264 hardware encoder");
//[self.delegate willEncoderStart];
self.h264ErrCount = 0;
h264Status = VTCompressionSessionCreate(NULL, self.width, self.height, kCMVideoCodecType_H264, NULL, NULL, NULL, vtCallBack,(__bridge void *)self, &h264CompressionSession);
if (h264Status != noErr) {
self.h265ErrCount++;
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H264 VTCompressionSessionCreate Failed, status = %d",h264Status);
}
[self getSupportedPropertyFlags];
[self applyAllSessionProperty:h264CompressionSession propertyArr:self.h264propertyFlags];
h264Status = VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames(h264CompressionSession);
if(h264Status != noErr) {
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H264 VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames Failed, status = %d",h264Status);
}else {
initializedH264 = true;
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H264 VTSession create success, with = %d, height = %d, framerate = %d",self.width,self.height,self.fps);
}
if(h264Status != noErr && self.h264ErrCount != 0) isRestart = YES;
[m_h264_lock unlock];
}
if (self.enableH265) {
if (h265CompressionSession != NULL) {
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H265 session not NULL");
return;
}
[m_h265_lock lock];
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Prepare h265 hardware encoder");
// [self.delegate willEncoderStart];
self.h265ErrCount = 0;
h265Status = VTCompressionSessionCreate(NULL, self.width, self.height, kCMVideoCodecType_HEVC, NULL, NULL, NULL, vtH265CallBack,(__bridge void *)self, &h265CompressionSession);
if (h265Status != noErr) {
self.h265ErrCount++;
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H265 VTCompressionSessionCreate Failed, status = %d",h265Status);
}
[self getSupportedPropertyFlags];
[self applyAllSessionProperty:h265CompressionSession propertyArr:self.h265PropertyFlags];
h265Status = VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames(h265CompressionSession);
if(h265Status != noErr) {
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H265 VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames Failed, status = %d",h265Status);
}else {
initializedH265 = true;
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H265 VTSession create success, with = %d, height = %d, framerate = %d",self.width,self.height,self.fps);
}
if(h265Status != noErr && self.h265ErrCount != 0) isRestart = YES;
[m_h265_lock unlock];
}
if (isRestart) {
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : VTSession create failured!");
static int count = 0;
count ++;
if (count == 3) {
NSLog(@"TVUEncoder ： restart 5 times failured! exit!");
return;
}
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"TVUEncoder ： try to restart after 1 second!");
NSLog(@"TVUEncoder ： vtsession error occured!,resetart encoder width: %d, height %d, times %d",self.width,self.height,count);
[self tearDownSession];
[self prepareForEncode];
}
}
1> g_isSupportRealTimeEncoder = (is64Bit == 8) ? true : false;用来判断当前设备是32位还是64位
2> 创建H264/H265Session 区别仅仅为参数的不同，h264为kCMVideoCodecType_H264。 h265为kCMVideoCodecType_HEVC，在创建Session指定了回调函数后，当编码成功一帧就会调用相应的回调函数。
3> 通过[self getSupportedPropertyFlags];获取当前编码器支持设置的属性，经过测试，H265不支持码率的限制。目前暂时得不到解决。等待苹果后续处理。
4> 之后设置编码器相关属性，下面会具体介绍，设置完成后则调用VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames准备编码。
- 设置编码器相关属性
- (OSStatus)setSessionProperty:(VTCompressionSessionRef)session key:(CFStringRef)key value:(CFTypeRef)value {
OSStatus status = VTSessionSetProperty(session, key, value);
if (status != noErr) {
NSString *sessionStr;
if (session == h264CompressionSession) {
sessionStr = @"h264 Session";
self.h264ErrCount++;
}else if (session == h265CompressionSession) {
sessionStr = @"h265 Session";
self.h265ErrCount++;
}
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Set %s of %s Failed, status = %d",CFStringGetCStringPtr(key, kCFStringEncodingUTF8),sessionStr.UTF8String,status);
}
return status;
}
- (void)applyAllSessionProperty:(VTCompressionSessionRef)session propertyArr:(NSArray *)propertyArr {
OSStatus status;
if(!g_isSupportRealTimeEncoder) {
/* increase max frame delay from 3 to 6 to reduce encoder pressure*/
int value = 3;
CFNumberRef ref = CFNumberCreate(NULL, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &value);
[self setSessionProperty:session key:kVTCompressionPropertyKey_MaxFrameDelayCount value:ref];
CFRelease(ref);
}
if(self.fps) {
if([self isSupportPropertyWithKey:Key_ExpectedFrameRate inArray:propertyArr]) {
int value = self.fps;
CFNumberRef ref = CFNumberCreate(NULL, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &value);
[self setSessionProperty:session key:kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ExpectedFrameRate value:ref];
CFRelease(ref);
}
}else {
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Current fps is 0");
}
if(self.bitrate) {
if([self isSupportPropertyWithKey:Key_AverageBitRate inArray:propertyArr]) {
int value = self.bitrate;
if (session == h265CompressionSession) value = 2*1000; // if current session is h265, Set birate 2M.
CFNumberRef ref = CFNumberCreate(NULL, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &value);
[self setSessionProperty:session key:kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AverageBitRate value:ref];
CFRelease(ref);
}
}else {
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : Current bitrate is 0");
}
/*2016-11-15,@gang, iphone7/7plus do not support realtime encoding, so disable it
otherwize ,we can not control encoding bit rate
*/
if (![[self deviceVersion] isEqualToString:@"iPhone9,1"] && ![[self deviceVersion] isEqualToString:@"iPhone9,2"]) {
if(g_isSupportRealTimeEncoder) {
if([self isSupportPropertyWithKey:Key_RealTime inArray:propertyArr]) {
NSLog(@"use RealTimeEncoder");
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : use realTimeEncoder");
[self setSessionProperty:session key:kVTCompressionPropertyKey_RealTime value:kCFBooleanTrue];
}
}
}
if([self isSupportPropertyWithKey:Key_AllowFrameReordering inArray:propertyArr]) {
[self setSessionProperty:session key:kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AllowFrameReordering value:kCFBooleanFalse];
}
if(g_isSupportRealTimeEncoder) {
if([self isSupportPropertyWithKey:Key_ProfileLevel inArray:propertyArr]) {
[self setSessionProperty:session key:kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ProfileLevel value:self.enableH264 ? kVTProfileLevel_H264_Main_AutoLevel : kVTProfileLevel_HEVC_Main_AutoLevel];
}
}else {
if([self isSupportPropertyWithKey:Key_ProfileLevel inArray:propertyArr]) {
[self setSessionProperty:session key:kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ProfileLevel value:self.enableH264 ? kVTProfileLevel_H264_Baseline_AutoLevel : kVTProfileLevel_HEVC_Main_AutoLevel];
}
if (self.enableH264) {
if([self isSupportPropertyWithKey:Key_H264EntropyMode inArray:propertyArr]) {
[self setSessionProperty:session key:kVTCompressionPropertyKey_H264EntropyMode value:kVTH264EntropyMode_CAVLC];
}
}
}
if([self isSupportPropertyWithKey:Key_MaxKeyFrameIntervalDuration inArray:propertyArr]) {
int value = 1;
CFNumberRef ref = CFNumberCreate(NULL, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &value);
[self setSessionProperty:session key:kVTCompressionPropertyKey_MaxKeyFrameIntervalDuration value:ref];
CFRelease(ref);
}
}
上述方法主要设置启动编码器所需的各个参数
1> kVTCompressionPropertyKey_MaxFrameDelayCount : 压缩器被允许保持的最大帧数在输出一个压缩帧之前。例如如果最大帧延迟数是M,那么在编码帧N返回的调用之前，帧N-M必须被排出。
2> kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ExpectedFrameRate : 设置fps
3> kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AverageBitRate : 它不是强制的限制，bit rate可能会超出峰值
4> kVTCompressionPropertyKey_RealTime : 设置编码器是否实时编码，如果设置为False则不是实时编码，视频效果会更好一点。
5> kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AllowFrameReordering : 是否让帧进行重新排序。为了编码B帧，编码器必须对帧重新排序，这将意味着解码的顺序与显示的顺序不同。将其设置为false以防止帧重新排序。
6> kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ProfileLevel : 指定编码比特流的配置文件和级别
7> kVTCompressionPropertyKey_H264EntropyMode ：如果支持h264该属性设置编码器是否应该使用基于CAVLC 还是 CABAC
8> kVTCompressionPropertyKey_MaxKeyFrameIntervalDuration : 两个I帧之间最大持续时间，该属性特别有用当frame rate是可变
- 相机回调中对每一帧数据进行编码
- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection {
if( !CMSampleBufferDataIsReady(sampleBuffer)) {
NSLog( @"sample buffer is not ready. Skipping sample" );
return;
}
if([XDXHardwareEncoder getInstance] != NULL) {
[[XDXHardwareEncoder getInstance] encode:sampleBuffer];
}
}
以上方法在每采集到一帧视频数据后会调用一次，我们将拿到的每一帧数据进行编码。
- 编码具体实现
-(void)encode:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer {
if (self.enableH264) {
[m_h264_lock lock];
if(h264CompressionSession == NULL) {
[m_h264_lock unlock];
return;
}
if(initializedH264 == false) {
NSLog(@"TVUEncoder : h264 encoder is not ready\n");
return;
}
}
if (self.enableH265) {
[m_h265_lock lock];
if(h265CompressionSession == NULL) {
[m_h265_lock unlock];
return;
}
if(initializedH265 == false) {
NSLog(@"TVUEncoder : h265 encoder is not ready\n");
return;
}
}
CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
CMTime duration = CMSampleBufferGetOutputDuration(sampleBuffer);
frameID++;
CMTime presentationTimeStamp = CMTimeMake(frameID, 1000);
[self doSetBitrate];
OSStatus status;
VTEncodeInfoFlags flags;
if (self.enableH264) {
status = VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame(h264CompressionSession, imageBuffer, presentationTimeStamp, duration, NULL, imageBuffer, &flags);
if(status != noErr) NSLog(@"TVUEncoder : H264 VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame failed");
[m_h264_lock unlock];
if (status != noErr) {
NSLog(@"TVUEncoder : VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame failed");
VTCompressionSessionCompleteFrames(h264CompressionSession, kCMTimeInvalid);
VTCompressionSessionInvalidate(h264CompressionSession);
CFRelease(h264CompressionSession);
h264CompressionSession = NULL;
}else {
// NSLog(@"TVUEncoder : Success VTCompressionSessionCompleteFrames");
}
}
if (self.enableH265) {
status = VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame(h265CompressionSession, imageBuffer, presentationTimeStamp, duration, NULL, imageBuffer, &flags);
if(status != noErr) NSLog(@"TVUEncoder : H265 VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame failed");
[m_h265_lock unlock];
if (status != noErr) {
NSLog(@"TVUEncoder : VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame failed");
VTCompressionSessionCompleteFrames(h265CompressionSession, kCMTimeInvalid);
VTCompressionSessionInvalidate(h265CompressionSession);
CFRelease(h265CompressionSession);
h265CompressionSession = NULL;
}else {
NSLog(@"TVUEncoder : Success VTCompressionSessionCompleteFrames");
}
}
}
1> 通过frameID的递增构造时间戳为了使编码后的每一帧数据连续
2> 设置最大码率的限制，注意：H265目前不支持设置码率的限制，等待官方后续通知。可以对H264进行码率限制
3> kVTCompressionPropertyKey_DataRateLimits : 将数据的bytes和duration封装到CFMutableArrayRef传给API进行调用
4> VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame : 调用此方法成功后触发回调函数完成编码。
- 回调函数中处理头信息
#pragma mark H264 Callback
static void vtCallBack(void *outputCallbackRefCon,void *souceFrameRefCon,OSStatus status,VTEncodeInfoFlags infoFlags, CMSampleBufferRef sampleBuffer) {
XDXHardwareEncoder *encoder = (__bridge XDXHardwareEncoder*)outputCallbackRefCon;
if(status != noErr) {
NSError *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSOSStatusErrorDomain code:status userInfo:nil];
NSLog(@"H264: vtCallBack failed with %@", error);
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : encode frame failured! %s" ,error.debugDescription.UTF8String);
return;
}
if (!CMSampleBufferDataIsReady(sampleBuffer)) {
NSLog(@"didCompressH265 data is not ready ");
return;
}
if (infoFlags == kVTEncodeInfo_FrameDropped) {
NSLog(@"%s with frame dropped.", __FUNCTION__);
return;
}
CMBlockBufferRef block = CMSampleBufferGetDataBuffer(sampleBuffer);
BOOL isKeyframe = false;
CFArrayRef attachments = CMSampleBufferGetSampleAttachmentsArray(sampleBuffer, false);
if(attachments != NULL) {
CFDictionaryRef attachment =(CFDictionaryRef)CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(attachments, 0);
CFBooleanRef dependsOnOthers = (CFBooleanRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(attachment, kCMSampleAttachmentKey_DependsOnOthers);
isKeyframe = (dependsOnOthers == kCFBooleanFalse);
}
if(isKeyframe) {
CMFormatDescriptionRef format = CMSampleBufferGetFormatDescription(sampleBuffer);
static uint8_t *spsppsNALBuff = NULL;
static size_t spsSize, ppsSize;
size_t parmCount;
const uint8_t*sps, *pps;
int NALUnitHeaderLengthOut;
CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetH264ParameterSetAtIndex(format, 0, &sps, &spsSize, &parmCount, &NALUnitHeaderLengthOut );
CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetH264ParameterSetAtIndex(format, 1, &pps, &ppsSize, &parmCount, &NALUnitHeaderLengthOut );
spsppsNALBuff = (uint8_t*)malloc(spsSize+4+ppsSize+4);
memcpy(spsppsNALBuff, "\x00\x00\x00\x01", 4);
memcpy(&spsppsNALBuff[4], sps, spsSize);
memcpy(&spsppsNALBuff[4+spsSize], "\x00\x00\x00\x01", 4);
memcpy(&spsppsNALBuff[4+spsSize+4], pps, ppsSize);
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H264 spsSize : %zu, ppsSize : %zu",spsSize, ppsSize);
writeFile(spsppsNALBuff,spsSize+4+ppsSize+4,encoder->_videoFile, 200);
}
size_t blockBufferLength;
uint8_t *bufferDataPointer = NULL;
CMBlockBufferGetDataPointer(block, 0, NULL, &blockBufferLength, (char **)&bufferDataPointer);
size_t bufferOffset = 0;
while (bufferOffset < blockBufferLength - startCodeLength) {
uint32_t NALUnitLength = 0;
memcpy(&NALUnitLength, bufferDataPointer+bufferOffset, startCodeLength);
NALUnitLength = CFSwapInt32BigToHost(NALUnitLength);
memcpy(bufferDataPointer+bufferOffset, startCode, startCodeLength);
bufferOffset += startCodeLength + NALUnitLength;
}
writeFile(bufferDataPointer, blockBufferLength,encoder->_videoFile, 200);
}
#pragma mark H265 Callback
static void vtH265CallBack(void *outputCallbackRefCon,void *souceFrameRefCon,OSStatus status,VTEncodeInfoFlags infoFlags, CMSampleBufferRef sampleBuffer) {
XDXHardwareEncoder *encoder = (__bridge XDXHardwareEncoder*)outputCallbackRefCon;
if(status != noErr) {
NSError *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSOSStatusErrorDomain code:status userInfo:nil];
NSLog(@"H264: H265 vtH265CallBack failed with %@", error);
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H265 encode frame failured! %s" ,error.debugDescription.UTF8String);
return;
}
if (!CMSampleBufferDataIsReady(sampleBuffer)) {
NSLog(@"didCompressH265 data is not ready ");
return;
}
if (infoFlags == kVTEncodeInfo_FrameDropped) {
NSLog(@"%s with frame dropped.", __FUNCTION__);
return;
}
CMBlockBufferRef block = CMSampleBufferGetDataBuffer(sampleBuffer);
BOOL isKeyframe = false;
CFArrayRef attachments = CMSampleBufferGetSampleAttachmentsArray(sampleBuffer, false);
if(attachments != NULL) {
CFDictionaryRef attachment =(CFDictionaryRef)CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(attachments, 0);
CFBooleanRef dependsOnOthers = (CFBooleanRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(attachment, kCMSampleAttachmentKey_DependsOnOthers);
isKeyframe = (dependsOnOthers == kCFBooleanFalse);
}
if(isKeyframe) {
CMFormatDescriptionRef format = CMSampleBufferGetFormatDescription(sampleBuffer);
static uint8_t *vpsspsppsNALBuff = NULL;
static size_t vpsSize, spsSize, ppsSize;
size_t parmCount;
const uint8_t *vps, *sps, *pps;
if (encoder.deviceSupportH265) { // >= iPhone 7 && support ios11
CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetHEVCParameterSetAtIndex(format, 0, &vps, &vpsSize, &parmCount, 0);
CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetHEVCParameterSetAtIndex(format, 1, &sps, &spsSize, &parmCount, 0);
CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetHEVCParameterSetAtIndex(format, 2, &pps, &ppsSize, &parmCount, 0);
vpsspsppsNALBuff = (uint8_t*)malloc(vpsSize+4+spsSize+4+ppsSize+4);
memcpy(vpsspsppsNALBuff, "\x00\x00\x00\x01", 4);
memcpy(&vpsspsppsNALBuff[4], vps, vpsSize);
memcpy(&vpsspsppsNALBuff[4+vpsSize], "\x00\x00\x00\x01", 4);
memcpy(&vpsspsppsNALBuff[4+vpsSize+4], sps, spsSize);
memcpy(&vpsspsppsNALBuff[4+vpsSize+4+spsSize], "\x00\x00\x00\x01", 4);
memcpy(&vpsspsppsNALBuff[4+vpsSize+4+spsSize+4], pps, ppsSize);
NSLog(@"XDXHardwareEncoder : H265 vpsSize : %zu, spsSize : %zu, ppsSize : %zu",vpsSize,spsSize, ppsSize);
}
writeFile(vpsspsppsNALBuff, vpsSize+4+spsSize+4+ppsSize+4,encoder->_videoFile, 200);
}
size_t blockBufferLength;
uint8_t *bufferDataPointer = NULL;
CMBlockBufferGetDataPointer(block, 0, NULL, &blockBufferLength, (char **)&bufferDataPointer);
size_t bufferOffset = 0;
while (bufferOffset < blockBufferLength - startCodeLength) {
uint32_t NALUnitLength = 0;
memcpy(&NALUnitLength, bufferDataPointer+bufferOffset, startCodeLength);
NALUnitLength = CFSwapInt32BigToHost(NALUnitLength);
memcpy(bufferDataPointer+bufferOffset, startCode, startCodeLength);
bufferOffset += startCodeLength + NALUnitLength;
}
writeFile(bufferDataPointer, blockBufferLength,encoder->_videoFile, 200);
}
1> 首先在回调函数中截取到I帧，从I帧中提取到(h265中新增vps),sps,pps信息并写入文件
2> 遍历其他帧将头信息0000,0001写入每个头信息中，再将该数据写入文件即可
二.码流数据结构介绍
这里我们简单介绍一下H264,H265码流信息
H264流数据是由一系列NAL单元(NAL Unit)组成的。
一个NALU可能包含：视频帧，视频帧也就是视频片段，具体有I,P,B帧
H264的码流
- H.264属性合集-FormatDesc(包含 SPS和PPS)
属性集合
注意在H265流数据中新增vps在最前。
- H.264属性合集-FormatDesc(包含 SPS和PPS)
流数据中，属性集合可能是这样的：
经过处理之后，在Format Description中则是:
Format Description
- NALU header
对于流数据来说，一个NALU的Header中，可能是0x00 00 01或者是0x00 00 00 01作为开头(两者都有可能，下面以0x00 00 01作为例子)。0x00 00 01因此被称为开始码(Start code).所以我们需要在提取的数据中用0x00 00 00 01对数据内容进行替换
NALU header
总结以上知识，我们知道H264的码流由NALU单元组成，NALU单元包含视频图像数据和H264的参数信息。其中视频图像数据就是CMBlockBuffer，而H264的参数信息则可以组合成FormatDesc。具体来说参数信息包含SPS（Sequence Parameter Set）和PPS（Picture Parameter Set）.如下图显示了一个H.264码流结构：
H.264码流
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提取sps和pps生成FormatDesc
- 每个NALU的开始码是0x00 00 01，按照开始码定位NALU
- 通过类型信息找到sps和pps并提取，开始码后第一个byte的后5位，7代表sps，8代表pps
- 使用CMVideoFormatDescriptionCreateFromH264ParameterSets函数来构建CMVideoFormatDescriptionRef
-
提取视频图像数据生成CMBlockBuffer
- 通过开始码，定位到NALU
- 确定类型为数据后，将开始码替换成NALU的长度信息（4 Bytes）
- 使用CMBlockBufferCreateWithMemoryBlock接口构造CMBlockBufferRef
根据需要，生成CMTime信息。（实际测试时，加入time信息后，有不稳定的图像，不加入time信息反而没有，需要进一步研究，这里建议不加入time信息）
根据上述得到CMVideoFormatDescriptionRef、CMBlockBufferRef和可选的时间信息，使用CMSampleBufferCreate接口得到CMSampleBuffer数据这个待解码的原始的数据。如下图所示的H264数据转换示意图。
CMSampleBufferCreate
