产业链
一1、微笑曲线的现实意义： 微笑嘴型的一条曲线,两端朝上，在产业链中，附加值更多体现在两端，设计和销售，处于中间环节的制造附加值最低。
微笑曲线中间是制造；左边是研发，属于全球性的竞争；右边是营销，主要是当地性的竞争。
为什么：
当前制造产生的利润低，全球制造也已供过于求，但是研发与营销的附加价值高，因此产业未来应朝微笑曲线的两端发展，也就是在左边加强研展创造智慧财产权，在右边加强客户导向的营销与服务。
改变：由于两端利润较高，更多的导致加工制造业向两端发展，加强企业创新研发，提高企业创新能力
相关英文文章industrial chain
Copyright © 2013 Zhilie Fang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unre- stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract: We make an overview of development of semiconductor lighting industrial chain. And the characteristic and content of each industrial chain are recounted, and the development direction and scale are discussed. Keywords: Light Emitting
Diode (LED); Semiconductor Lighting; Semiconductor Lighting Industrial Chain
development 发展
英文链接
image.hanspub.org:8080/pdf/CMP20130300000_25866728.pdf
供应链
1、问题： 那些依靠供应商提供商品或服务的公司总是面临着由此而带来的财务风险。在经济环境艰难的时候，总有一些供应商要走向破产，在他们无力偿还债务的同时，金融机构又拒绝为他们提供每日运营所需的短期贷款。当企业走到快要山穷水尽的时候，他们会被迫不惜以降低产品质量和延长交付时间为代价来削减成本，而当企业这样做的时候，破产也就离他们不远了。
解决：
：首先，确定要特别关注哪些供应商；其次，分析这些供应商的财务健康状况；第三，将问题消灭在萌芽阶段；第四，创造一个内部组织，致力于令危机实现最小化。
2、创新： 山东青岛的红领集团用了十多年的时间，以3000人工厂作为试验室，对传统服装制造业升级进行了艰苦的探索与实践，探索出以3D打印模式产业链为代表的“互联网工业”的新模式，为中国传统制造业转型升级提供一种新的思路和路径
3、supply chain的相关英文文章
In commerce, supply chain management (SCM), the management of the flow of goods and services,[2] involves the movement and storage of raw materials, of work-in-process inventory, and of finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Interconnected or interlinked networks, channels and node businesses combine in the provision of products and services required by end customers in a supply chain.[3] Supply-chain management has been defined [4] as the "design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally."[5] SCM practice draws heavily from the areas of industrial engineering, systems engineering, operations management, logistics, procurement, information technology, and marketing [6] and strives for an integrated approach.[citation needed] Marketing channels play an important role in supply chain management [6] Current research in supply chain management is concerned with topics related to sustainability and risk management, among others, whereas the “people dimension” of SCM, ethical issues, internal integration, transparency/visibility, and human capital/talent management are topics that have, so far, been underrepresented on the research agenda.[7]
management 管理
relate 叙述
英文链接：https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_management
