ClickHouse
ClickHouse是一个用于联机分析(OLAP)的列式数据库管理系统(DBMS)。
OLAP场景的关键特征
绝大多数是读请求
数据以相当大的批次(> 1000行)更新,而不是单行更新;或者根本没有更新。
已添加到数据库的数据不能修改。
对于读取,从数据库中提取相当多的行,但只提取列的一小部分。
宽表,即每个表包含着大量的列
查询相对较少(通常每台服务器每秒查询数百次或更少)
对于简单查询,允许延迟大约50毫秒
列中的数据相对较小:数字和短字符串(例如,每个URL 60个字节)
处理单个查询时需要高吞吐量(每台服务器每秒可达数十亿行)
事务不是必须的
对数据一致性要求低
每个查询有一个大表。除了他意以外,其他的都很小。
查询结果明显小于源数据。换句话说,数据经过过滤或聚合,因此结果适合于单个服务器的RAM中
很容易可以看出,OLAP场景与其他通常业务场景(例如,OLTP或K/V)有很大的不同, 因此想要使用OLTP或Key-Value数据库去高效的处理分析查询场景,并不是非常完美的适用方案。例如,使用OLAP数据库去处理分析请求通常要优于使用MongoDB或Redis去处理分析请求。
ClickHouse安装和启动
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates dirmngr
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv E0C56BD4
echo "deb https://repo.clickhouse.tech/deb/stable/ main/" | sudo tee \
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/clickhouse.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-client
sudo service clickhouse-server start
clickhouse-client
sudo apt-get update如果更新不了可以修改下源,然后修改source.list,clickhouse.list
新建表导入所需要的数据(120038310条经纬度)
create table pnts (Lon Float64, Lat Float64) engine = MergeTree() order by (Lon, Lat);
time clickhouse-client --query="INSERT INTO pnts FORMAT CSVWithNames" < test_data.csv
ClickHouse空间分析运用
计算最大小经纬度
select min(Lon), max(Lon),min(Lat), max(Lat)FROM pnts
select geohashesInBox(-150.0565255, 24.5449115001 , -66.950609997, 65.1341342731, 4)
面筛选
SELECT count(1) FROM pnts WHERE -122.1603396012797162<=Lon and -122.1414371044578786>=Lon and 37.7842593304459271 <=Lat and 37.7965938218938646 >=Lat and pointInPolygon((Lon, Lat), [( -122.158001836655117, 37.796593821893865 ), ( -122.151099864906271, 37.793632653369357 ), ( -122.146446600082044, 37.792029614769625 ), ( -122.141437104457879, 37.789224297220095 ), ( -122.143485431557536, 37.788534100045212 ), ( -122.14290655650764, 37.786641623920524 ), ( -122.143797133507491, 37.786196335420598 ), ( -122.147648879031848, 37.784437445845896 ), ( -122.14862851373168, 37.784259330445927 ), ( -122.15312592758093, 37.788734479870179 ), ( -122.154728966180656, 37.789736378995009 ), ( -122.156443326905375, 37.788801273145168 ), ( -122.160094692604758, 37.789335619345074 ), ( -122.15915958675491, 37.792185465744602 ), ( -122.160339601279716, 37.793788504344327 ), ( -122.159293173304889, 37.795369278519068 ), ( -122.159048264629931, 37.795525129494038 ), ( -122.159048264629931, 37.795525129494038 ), ( -122.158001836655117, 37.796593821893865 )]) = 1
缓冲区计算
SELECT count(1) from pnts WHERE greatCircleDistance(Lon, Lat, -122.158001836655117, 37.796593821893865 )<=2000
select geoToH3(Lon, Lat, 3),count(1) FROM pnts group by geoToH3(Lon, Lat, 3)
geohash聚合
SELECT geohashEncode(Lon, Lat, 5),count(1) FROM pnts group by geohashEncode(Lon, Lat, 5)
参考资料:
https://clickhouse.tech/docs/zh/
https://www.osgeo.cn/qgis-tutorial/docs/3/importing_spreadsheets_csv.html
https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/clickhouse/
https://blog.csdn.net/BigData_Mining/article/details/87867979
http://cncc.bingj.com/cache.aspx?q=clickhouse+anzhuang&d=4519770289931770&mkt=zh-CN&setlang=zh-CN&w=J6QG46UMC2AHWpTGJHFimsC7lpDNMJO-
https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/9002
https://www.bookstack.cn/read/clickhouse-20.10-en/bccae583b76cdb17.md
https://blog.csdn.net/jimo_lonely/article/details/107498806
https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/17081