前言
今天手把手来教大家如何搭建基于Maven的SpringMVC WEB项目。
正文
开发环境介绍
IDE: MyEclipse 2014
jdk: 1.7
maven:apache-maven-3.1.1
好了,基本环境只要上面这些就行,maven不需要安装,只要有解压包就行。MyEclipse 2014有自带的插件,我们只要指定下路径就行。
MyEclipse 2014中Maven的配置
打开myeclipse中的 Window=>Preferences=>Myeclipse=>Maven4Myeclipse
配置jdk,这里我们选择1.7
配置好maven路径,也就是你之前存放maven解压包的路径
指定User Settings,对应settings.xml以及本地仓库地址,我这边是建在盘,路径为E:\m2\repository
。
创建WEB项目
新建一个web项目
配置项目基本信息,项目名,java EE,java版本,其中记得要勾上Add maven support,这样才会生成带有maven的工程。
创建成功后出正确的项目结构应该是这样
配置需要的安装包
下面列出目前需要用到包,直接在pom.xl里面添加就行
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>SpringMVCMybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVCMybatis</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>SpringMVCMybatis</name>
<description/>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<cxf.version>2.7.15</cxf.version>
<slf4j-version>1.7.12</slf4j-version>
<log4j-version>1.2.17</log4j-version>
<mybatis-version>3.3.0</mybatis-version>
<mybatis-spring-version>1.2.3</mybatis-spring-version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 日志配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据源配置 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--数据库相关, mysql, mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.37</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis-spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring用到的包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.1.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<version>3.1</version>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
配置SpringMVC需要的配置文件
xml配置,注意里面配置springMvc需要用到的DispatcherServlet,指向的地址是classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml,当然此时还没创建这个applicationCVontext.xml,下一个步骤来创建。
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>springmvctouchbaidu</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvctouchbaidu</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvctouchbaidu</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>60</session-timeout>
</session-config>
</web-app>
在src/main/resources下面创建个spring目录用来存放applicationContext.xml
后期会用的的配置很多,所以我一般会根据不同用途创建不同别名的spring配置文件,然后用applicationContext.xml统一起来。
这里我创建了 applicationContext.xml以及applicationContext-mvc.xml
applicationContext.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<import resource="classpath:spring/applicationContext-mvc.xml" />
</beans>
applicationContext-mvc.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.tengj.demo"/>
<mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/pages/" mapping="/pages/**"/>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain;charset=utf-8</value>
<value>application/json;charset=utf-8</value>
<value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
其中一些重要的配置下篇文章详细的说明
context:component-scan 用来扫描指定的路径下的包,来加载组件用的
mvc:resources 指定静态资源路径
实现一个简单的springMVC请求
配置文件配置好了,我们就来测试一下,写一个controller来实现前后台交互
在src/main/java下面创建如下格式的文件夹。这是我习惯的写法。
common用来存放公共的类
controller控制层
service层用来处理业务逻辑
dao层用来处理数据库操作
dto层用来存放mybatis根据表自动生成的实体对象
具体结构如下图:
在controller包下面创建一个类SendToBaiduController
package com.tengj.demo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/sendBaidu")
public class SendToBaiduController {
@RequestMapping(value="/view",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String index(){
System.out.println("进来了");
return "index";
}
}
index.jsp代码:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
</head>
<body>
跳转进来,表示springMVC流程成功!
</body>
</html>
部署到tomcat启动服务看看 输入地址是否控制台会打印“进来了”这3字,并跳转到index界面
http://localhost:8080/springmvctouchbaidu/sendBaidu/view
大家看,如图表示springMVC整体流程成功了
总结
到此,基于Maven的SpringMVC WEB项目搭建算是成功了,后续会基于这个基础添加其他的功能,比如整合数据库框架mybatis,多数据源处理,定时任务等等。下篇文章将整体上介绍springMVC的配置文件以及注解标签的使用。
一直觉得自己写的不是技术,而是情怀,一篇篇文章是自己这一路走来的痕迹。靠专业技能的成功是最具可复制性的,希望我的这条路能让你少走弯路,希望我能帮你抹去知识的蒙尘,希望我能帮你理清知识的脉络,希望未来技术之巅上有你也有我。