FBV
FBV（function base views） 就是在视图里使用函数处理请求。
在之前django的学习中，我们一直使用的是这种方式，所以不再赘述。
CBV
CBV（class base views） 就是在视图里使用类处理请求。
Python是一个面向对象的编程语言，如果只用函数来开发，有很多面向对象的优点就错失了（继承、封装、多态）。所以Django在后来加入了Class-Based-View。可以让我们用类写View。这样做的优点主要下面两种：
- 提高了代码的复用性，可以使用面向对象的技术，比如Mixin（多继承）
- 可以用不同的函数针对不同的HTTP方法处理，而不是通过很多if判断，提高代码可读性
CBV.as_view()
在Django的路由中为url指定view的时候，如果为类视图（所有类视图都需要继承于基类View），则需要使用as_view方法将类视图转化为一个函数，接下来笔者就分析一下as_view方法的源码。
class View(object):
"""
Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements
dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking.
"""
http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""
Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra
keyword arguments, and other things.
"""
# Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our
# instance, or raise an error.
for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs):
setattr(self, key, value)
# as_view方法经过类方法装饰器，是一个类方法
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
"""
Main entry point for a request-response process.
"""
for key in initkwargs:
if key in cls.http_method_names:
raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
"keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
% (key, cls.__name__))
if not hasattr(cls, key):
raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
"only accepts arguments that are already "
"attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
self = cls(**initkwargs)
if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
self.head = self.get
self.request = request
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
view.view_class = cls
view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
# take name and docstring from class
update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
# and possible attributes set by decorators
# like csrf_exempt from dispatch
update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
return view
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
# defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
# request method isn't on the approved list.
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
logger.warning(
'Method Not Allowed (%s): %s', request.method, request.path,
extra={'status_code': 405, 'request': request}
)
return http.HttpResponseNotAllowed(self._allowed_methods())
其实as_view方法在方法中定义了一个view函数，这个函数接受的参数跟FBV接受的参数一样，但是这个函数并不负责根据http的method分配到具体的CBV的method上，而是将这项工作交给了dispatch方法去完成。最后as_view方法返回了这个view函数。
在dispatch方法中，寻找了开发者自行定义的诸如get，post等方法对应的业务逻辑并返回执行结果，如果开发者没有定义该方法，则返回405表示该方法不允许。
