目标 url：https://www.baidu.com/s?&wd=python&ie=utf-8

1.将字典转成url参数

# 使用urllib.parse的urlencode方法，将字典对象传入返回标准的url参数格式字符串
from urllib.parse import urlencode

# 1. 将字典转成url参数
def dict_to_query(url,params_dict):
    result = urlencode(params_dict)
    url_result = url+"?"+result
    return url_result

url = "https://www.baidu.com"
params_dict = {'wd': 'python', 'ie': 'utf-8'}
url_result = dict_to_query(url,params_dict) 
print(url_result) #打印内容 https://www.baidu.com?wd=python&ie=utf-8

2.将url参数转成字典

from urllib.parse import urlparse,parse_qs

# 2. 将url参数转成字典

def url_to_dict(url,is_print=''):
    # 提取url参数
    query = urlparse(url).query
    # 将字符串转换为字典
    # 所得的字典的value都是以列表的形式存在，若列表中都只有一个值
    params = parse_qs(query)
    result = {key: params[key][0] for key in params}
    if is_print:
        for k,v in result.items():
            print("'{}':'{}',".format(k,v))
    return result
url="https://www.baidu.com/s?&wd=python&ie=utf-8"
params_dict = url_to_dict(url,'1')
print(params_dict) # {'wd': 'python', 'ie': 'utf-8'}

'''
打印内容
'wd':'python',
'ie':'utf-8',
{'wd': 'python', 'ie': 'utf-8'}
'''