原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/xdp-gacl/p/3764991.html
什么是JSP
JSP全称是Java Server Pages，它和servle技术一样，都是SUN公司定义的一种用于开发动态web资源的技术。
JSP这门技术的最大的特点在于，写jsp就像在写html，但它相比html而言，html只能为用户提供静态数据，而Jsp技术允许在页面中嵌套java代码，为用户提供动态数据。
JSP原理
web服务器如何调用并执行一个jsp页面的？
浏览器向服务器发请求，不管访问的是什么资源，其实都是在访问Servlet，所以当访问一个jsp页面时，其实也是在访问一个Servlet，服务器在执行jsp的时候，首先把jsp翻译成一个Servlet，所以我们访问jsp时，其实不是在访问jsp，而是在访问jsp翻译过后的那个Servlet，例如下面的代码：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>First Jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.print("Hello Jsp");
%>
</body>
</html>
当我们通过浏览器访问index.jsp时，服务器首先将index.jsp翻译成一个index_jsp.class，在Tomcat服务器的work\Catalina\localhost\项目名\org\apache\jsp目录下可以看到index_jsp.class的源代码文件index_jsp.java，index_jsp.java的代码如下：
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.*;
public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
private static final JspFactory _jspxFactory = JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.List _jspx_dependants;
private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private org.apache.AnnotationProcessor _jsp_annotationprocessor;
public Object getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public void _jspInit() {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
_jsp_annotationprocessor = (org.apache.AnnotationProcessor) getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute(org.apache.AnnotationProcessor.class.getName());
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, ServletException {
PageContext pageContext = null;
HttpSession session = null;
ServletContext application = null;
ServletConfig config = null;
JspWriter out = null;
Object page = this;
JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
out.write("<html>\r\n");
out.write(" <head>\r\n");
out.write(" <base href=\"");
out.print(basePath);
out.write("\">\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <title>First Jsp</title>\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write(" </head>\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <body>\r\n");
out.write(" ");
out.print("Hello Jsp");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" </body>\r\n");
out.write("</html>\r\n");
} catch (Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
我们可以看到，index_jsp这个类是继承 org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase这个类的，通过查看Tomcat服务器的源代码，可以知道在apache-tomcat-6.0.20-src\java\org\apache\jasper\runtime目录下存HttpJspBase这个类的源代码文件，如下图所示：
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.jasper.runtime;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory;
import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;
/**
* This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets.
*
* @author Anil K. Vijendran
*/
public abstract class HttpJspBase extends HttpServlet
implements HttpJspPage
{
protected HttpJspBase() {
}
public final void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException
{
super.init(config);
jspInit();
_jspInit();
}
public String getServletInfo() {
return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");
}
public final void destroy() {
jspDestroy();
_jspDestroy();
}
/**
* Entry point into service.
*/
public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
{
_jspService(request, response);
}
public void jspInit() {
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void jspDestroy() {
}
protected void _jspDestroy() {
}
public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException;
}
HttpJspBase类是继承HttpServlet的，所以HttpJspBase类是一个Servlet，而index_jsp又是继承HttpJspBase类的，所以index_jsp类也是一个Servlet，所以当浏览器访问服务器上的index.jsp页面时，其实就是在访问index_jsp这个Servlet，index_jsp这个Servlet使用_jspService这个方法处理请求。
Jsp页面中的html排版标签是如何被发送到客户端的？
浏览器接收到的这些数据:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Jsp_Study_20140603/">
<title>First Jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello Jsp
</body>
</html>
都是在_jspService方法中使用如下的代码输出给浏览器的：
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
out.write("<html>\r\n");
out.write(" <head>\r\n");
out.write(" <base href=\"");
out.print(basePath);
out.write("\">\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <title>First Jsp</title>\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write(" </head>\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" <body>\r\n");
out.write(" ");
out.print("Hello Jsp");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" </body>\r\n");
out.write("</html>\r\n");
在jsp中编写的java代码和html代码都会被翻译到_jspService方法中去，在jsp中编写的java代码会原封不动地翻译成java代码，如<%out.print("Hello Jsp");%>直接翻译成out.print("Hello Jsp");，而HTML代码则会翻译成使用out.write("<html标签>\r\n");的形式输出到浏览器。在jsp页面中编写的html排版标签都是以out.write("<html标签>\r\n");的形式输出到浏览器，浏览器拿到html代码后才能够解析执行html代码。
Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是如何执行的？
在jsp中编写的java代码会被翻译到_jspService方法中去，当执行_jspService方法处理请求时，就会执行在jsp编写的java代码了，所以Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是通过调用_jspService方法处理请求时执行的。
Jsp最佳实践
Jsp最佳实践就是jsp技术在开发中该怎么去用。
不管是JSP还是Servlet，虽然都可以用于开发动态web资源。但由于这2门技术各自的特点。
在长期的软件实践中，人们逐渐把servlet作为web应用中的控制器组件来使用，而把JSP技术作为数据显示模板来使用。
其原因为，程序的数据通常要美化后再输出：让jsp既用java代码产生动态数据，又做美化会导致页面难以维护。让servlet既产生数据，又在里面嵌套html代码美化数据，同样也会导致程序可读性差，难以维护。
因此最好的办法就是根据这两门技术的特点，让它们各自负责各的，servlet只负责响应请求产生数据，并把数据通过转发技术带给jsp，数据的显示jsp来做。
