当你初始化一个对象的时候,其内部实现又是怎么样的呢?
先说结论:
1、创建一个对象的时候,本质是生成一个结构体,包含
[1]、isa指针(isa指针指向类对象)
[2]、成员变量
2、对象的内存分配大小,是结构体分配内存(对象实际需要的内存)之后再进行一次内存对齐,为16的倍数
3、对象的方法,在类的方法列表里面
NSObject *objc = [[NSObject alloc] init];
创建一个空工程,写入如下代码
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
NSObject *objc = [[NSObject alloc] init];
}
return 0;
}
点击进入NSObject,可以看到如下代码
@interface NSObject <NSObject> {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wobjc-interface-ivars"
Class isa OBJC_ISA_AVAILABILITY;
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
}
删除无用代码后:
@interface NSObject <NSObject> {
Class isa;
}
我们cd到main.m文件目录下,将OC代码转为C++代码:
clang -rewrite-objc main.m -o main.cpp
其中:main.m为文件名称,main.cpp是指最终生成文件的名称(如果不写-o main.cpp,则默认生成同名的cpp文件)
由于直接生成cpp文件包含各种架构,代码量较大,我们可以生成指定架构类型,这里我使用的是arm64架构类型【模拟器(i386),32bit(armv7),64bit(arm64)】。再调用:
xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang -arch arm64 -rewrite-objc main.m -o main-arm64.cpp
打开生成的cpp文件之后,可以看到NSObject对象本质实际上是包含isa指针的结构体
struct NSObject_IMPL {
Class isa;
};
Class实际上是结构体指针,结构为:
typedef struct objc_class *Class;
由源码可以看到,结构体NSObject_IMPL的地址,实际上就是isa的地址,我们创建的objc对象,指针指向的其实是isa的地址。调用class_getInstanceSize和malloc_size可以窥探内存情况
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <malloc/malloc.h>
// Class: typedef struct objc_class *Class;
struct NSObject_IMPL {
Class isa; // 8个字节
};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
NSObject *objc = [[NSObject alloc] init];
// 获取NSObject实例对象的成员变量所占用的大小 8
NSLog(@"%zd" , class_getInstanceSize([NSObject class]));
// 获取objc指针所指向内存的大小(内存分配大小) 16
NSLog(@"%zd", malloc_size((__bridge const void *)objc));
}
return 0;
}
当设计个类,继承自NSObject,包含一个属性
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface OneClass : NSObject
{
int _one;
}
@end
@implementation OneClass
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
OneClass *oneClass = [[OneClass alloc] init];
}
return 0;
}
编译后,如下所示:
struct NSObject_IMPL {
Class isa;
};
struct OneClass_IMPL {
struct NSObject_IMPL NSObject_IVARS;
int _one;
};
简化后相当于oneClass对象最终转化为结构体OneClass_IMPL:
struct OneClass_IMPL {
Class isa;
int _one;
};
下载objc源码,当我们执行[NSObject alloc]的时候,内部实现为:
// NSObject.mm文件内
+ (id)alloc {
return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}
// Replaced by ObjectAlloc
+ (id)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone {
return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(self, (malloc_zone_t *)zone);
}
// Base class implementation of +alloc. cls is not nil.
// Calls [cls allocWithZone:nil].
id
_objc_rootAlloc(Class cls)
{
return callAlloc(cls, false/*checkNil*/, true/*allocWithZone*/);
}
// Call [cls alloc] or [cls allocWithZone:nil], with appropriate
// shortcutting optimizations.
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
#if __OBJC2__
if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);
}
#endif
// No shortcuts available.
if (allocWithZone) {
return ((id(*)(id, SEL, struct _NSZone *))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(allocWithZone:), nil);
}
return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));
}
解读源码:
1、当我们执行alloc,实际执行_objc_rootAlloc(self)
2、_objc_rootAlloc,实际调用callAlloc(cls, false/checkNil/, true/allocWithZone/),并且传递的第三个参数为true,即参数:allocWithZone=true,进入callAlloc代码,可以看到执行allocWithZone:方法
3、+ (id)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone调用了_objc_rootAllocWithZone
4、全局搜索,找到_objc_rootAllocWithZone在objc-runtime-new.mm中
// objc-runtime-new.mm
id
_objc_rootAllocWithZone(Class cls, malloc_zone_t *zone __unused)
{
// allocWithZone under __OBJC2__ ignores the zone parameter
return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, 0, nil,
OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC);
}
/***********************************************************************
* class_createInstance
* fixme
* Locking: none
*
* Note: this function has been carefully written so that the fastpath
* takes no branch.
**********************************************************************/
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
bool cxxConstruct = true,
size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
// Read class's info bits all at once for performance
bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
size_t size;
size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;
// *********分配内存********
id obj;
if (zone) {
obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
} else {
obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
}
if (slowpath(!obj)) {
if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
}
return nil;
}
if (!zone && fast) {
obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
} else {
// Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
// doing something weird with the zone or RR.
obj->initIsa(cls);
}
if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
return obj;
}
construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
}
size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
该函数获取内存分配大小
// Class's ivar size rounded up to a pointer-size boundary.
// 返回类的成员变量大小
uint32_t alignedInstanceSize() const {
return word_align(unalignedInstanceSize());
}
// 创建实例对象最少创建的大小
inline size_t instanceSize(size_t extraBytes) const {
// 快查找,(从缓存查找)
if (fastpath(cache.hasFastInstanceSize(extraBytes))) {
return cache.fastInstanceSize(extraBytes);
}
size_t size = alignedInstanceSize() + extraBytes;
// CF requires all objects be at least 16 bytes.
// 要求所有对象至少为16字节。
if (size < 16) size = 16;
return size;
}
计算好的size,通过执行malloc_zone_calloc或calloc,进行内存对齐后返给obj(libmalloc-317.140.5版本中calloc即调用malloc_zone_calloc)
id obj;
if (zone) {
obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
} else {
obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
}
malloc_zone_calloc和calloc可以查看libmalloc库源码,找到malloc.c文件,该函数即对前面计算好的size进行内存对齐
void *
calloc(size_t num_items, size_t size)
{
return _malloc_zone_calloc(default_zone, num_items, size, MZ_POSIX);
}
static void *
_malloc_zone_calloc(malloc_zone_t *zone, size_t num_items, size_t size,
malloc_zone_options_t mzo)
{
MALLOC_TRACE(TRACE_calloc | DBG_FUNC_START, (uintptr_t)zone, num_items, size, 0);
void *ptr;
if (malloc_check_start) {
internal_check();
}
ptr = zone->calloc(zone, num_items, size);
if (os_unlikely(malloc_logger)) {
malloc_logger(MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_ALLOCATE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_HAS_ZONE | MALLOC_LOG_TYPE_CLEARED, (uintptr_t)zone,
(uintptr_t)(num_items * size), 0, (uintptr_t)ptr, 0);
}
MALLOC_TRACE(TRACE_calloc | DBG_FUNC_END, (uintptr_t)zone, num_items, size, (uintptr_t)ptr);
if (os_unlikely(ptr == NULL)) {
malloc_set_errno_fast(mzo, ENOMEM);
}
return ptr;
}
该代码过于难懂,各种搜索之后,得出结论,内存对齐是16的倍数(malloc为通用创建内存方式,带-malloc的文件都为各种情况下的内存创建方式)
#define NANO_MAX_SIZE 256 /* Buckets sized {16, 32, 48, ..., 256} */
#define SHIFT_NANO_QUANTUM 4
#define NANO_REGIME_QUANTA_SIZE (1 << SHIFT_NANO_QUANTUM) // 16
#define NANO_QUANTA_MASK (NANO_REGIME_QUANTA_SIZE - 1)
#define NANO_SIZE_CLASSES (NANO_MAX_SIZE/NANO_REGIME_QUANTA_SIZE)*/
苹果官方文档
https://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/
objc源码
https://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/objc4/
libmalloc库源码
https://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/libmalloc/