Student构造函数
function Student(props) {
this.name = props.name || 'Unnamed';
}
Student.prototype.hello = function () {
alert('Hello, ' + this.name + '!');
}
Student原型链
Paste_Image.png
function PrimaryStudent(props) {
// 调用Student构造函数,绑定this变量:
Student.call(this, props);
this.grade = props.grade || 1;
}
new PrimaryStudent() ----> PrimaryStudent.prototype ----> Object.prototype ----> null
要修改为
new PrimaryStudent() ----> PrimaryStudent.prototype ----> Student.prototype ----> Object.prototype ----> null
PrimaryStudent.prototype = Student.prototype;//错误 PrimaryStudent和Student共享一个原型对象
借助空函数
// PrimaryStudent构造函数:
function PrimaryStudent(props) {
Student.call(this, props);
this.grade = props.grade || 1;
}
// 空函数F:
function F() {
}
// 把F的原型指向Student.prototype:
F.prototype = Student.prototype;
// 把PrimaryStudent的原型指向一个新的F对象,F对象的原型正好指向Student.prototype:
PrimaryStudent.prototype = new F();
// 把PrimaryStudent原型的构造函数修复为PrimaryStudent:
PrimaryStudent.prototype.constructor = PrimaryStudent;
// 继续在PrimaryStudent原型(就是new F()对象)上定义方法:
PrimaryStudent.prototype.getGrade = function () {
return this.grade;
};
// 创建xiaoming:
var xiaoming = new PrimaryStudent({
name: '小明',
grade: 2
});
xiaoming.name; // '小明'
xiaoming.grade; // 2
// 验证原型:
xiaoming.__proto__ === PrimaryStudent.prototype; // true
xiaoming.__proto__.__proto__ === Student.prototype; // true
// 验证继承关系:
xiaoming instanceof PrimaryStudent; // true
xiaoming instanceof Student; // true
Paste_Image.png
inherits()函数封装
function inherits(Child, Parent) {
var F = function () {};
F.prototype = Parent.prototype;
Child.prototype = new F();
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;
}
复用
function Student(props) {
this.name = props.name || 'Unnamed';
}
Student.prototype.hello = function () {
alert('Hello, ' + this.name + '!');
}
function PrimaryStudent(props) {
Student.call(this, props);
this.grade = props.grade || 1;
}
// 实现原型继承链:
inherits(PrimaryStudent, Student);
// 绑定其他方法到PrimaryStudent原型:
PrimaryStudent.prototype.getGrade = function () {
return this.grade;
};
JavaScript的原型继承实现方式就是:
定义新的构造函数,并在内部用call()调用希望“继承”的构造函数,并绑定this;
借助中间函数F实现原型链继承,最好通过封装的inherits函数完成;
继续在新的构造函数的原型上定义新方法。