Linux下Docker的安装及使用

1.背景

类似于电脑,要在朋友的电脑上跑你写的Java程序,就得检查他电脑有没有安装Java环境.

类似的,要想在别的电脑上跑你写的Python程序,又得检查那台电脑有没有装python.

如何让自己写的程序换到别的电脑上后,可以便捷的运行起来?

将程序和程序的环境打包迁移,是一种解决方案.

  • 为啥不用虚拟机?

虚拟机安装太麻烦,就好比一个完整的操作系统,启动起来很费时间.

所以,你可以简单的理解为:Docker就是一个轻量级的虚拟机(只虚拟你需要的软件运行环境,冗余的一点都不要).

  • 网上看到的另一个Docker入门网站,还不错.

https://docker.easydoc.net/

2.安装

服务器版本:CentOS 8.2 64位

2.1 安装yum-utils

<code-box id="5Jkf7F" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_1 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-5Jkf7F" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-nYRwi2" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">yum install -y yum-utils</code-pre>

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2.2 yum配置阿里Docker源

<code-box id="KDdcjB" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_2 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-KDdcjB" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-6aTiBE" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo</code-pre>

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解决problem with installed package podman-1.6.4-10.的报错

<code-box id="r7D6F2" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_3 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-r7D6F2" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-8TbCZ3" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">yum erase podman buildah</code-pre>

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解决yum命令报错问题

CentOS 8 EOL如何切换源？

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2.3 安装Docker

<code-box id="XyBS3C" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_4 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-XyBS3C" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-6ERPkZ" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"># docker的三个组件: docker-ce、docker-ce-cli、containerd.io

--nobest不只使用最佳选择的软件包 --skip-broken跳过无法安装的软件包

yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io --nobest</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

2.4 查看Docker版本

<code-box id="GHQXhy" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_5 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-GHQXhy" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-tNcEpj" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"># 简单信息
docker -v

查看docker的版本号，包括客户端、服务端、依赖的Go等

docker version

查看系统(docker)层面信息，包括管理的images, containers数等

docker info</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

2.5 扩展

1.为啥安装yum-utils?

为了使用yum-config-manager命令, 执行--add-repo操作.

2.添加阿里docker源干嘛?

在最开始的时候，我们的yum仓库里的docker安装包是上面的几个，执行了yum源添加后，阿里带过来了新的docker安装包。

[图片上传失败...(image-4253f4-1663643704610)]

3.阿里镜像站

阿里镜像站

Docker-CE介绍

01.png

4.docker三个组件的区别

containerd.io、docker-ce-cli、docker-ce的区别

3.Docker服务相关

3.1 启动

<code-box id="wWcMhm" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_6 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-wWcMhm" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-hTKaXn" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"># 启动
systemctl start docker

开机自启

systemctl enable docker

禁用开机自启

systemctl disable docker

docker服务是否开机自启

systemctl is-enabled docker

已启动的服务列表

systemctl list-unit-files|grep enabled</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

3.2 停止

<code-box id="JtanTr" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_7 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-JtanTr" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-hCzh6T" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">systemctl stop docker</code-pre>

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3.3 重启

<code-box id="bZJAaZ" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_8 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-bZJAaZ" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-zrybGY" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">systemctl restart docker</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

3.4 查看docker状态

<code-box id="ndxF8K" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_9 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-ndxF8K" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-W6fxQW" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">systemctl status docker</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

4.Docker主要概念

类比win

镜像: 程序安装包

容器: 安装好的程序

(镜像的)仓库: 放安装包的仓库.

4.1 仓库、镜像和容器

  • 镜像

    程序安装包

    Docker镜像里包含了已打包的应用程序及其所依赖的环境。它包含应用程序可用的文件系统和其他元数据，如镜像运行时的可执行文件路径。

  • 镜像仓库

    安装包的仓库

    Docker镜像仓库用于存放Docker镜像，以及促进不同人和不同电脑之间共享这些镜像。当编译镜像时，要么可以在编译它的电脑上运行，要么可以先上传镜像到一个镜像仓库，然后下载到另外一台电脑上并运行它。某些仓库是公开的，允许所有人从中拉取镜像，同时也有一些是私有的，仅部分人和机器可接入。

  • 容器

    安装好的软件

    Docker容器通常是一个Linux容器，它基于Docker镜像被创建。一个运行中的容器是一个运行在Docker主机上的进程，但它和主机，以及所有运行在主机上的其他进程都是隔离的。这个进程也是资源受限的，意味着它只能访问和使用分配给它的资源（CPU、内存等）。

4.2 打包、分发和部署

  • 打包

    制作镜像

    把你软件本身、所需要的依赖、三方库等制作成一个"安装包"

  • 分发

    上传镜像仓库

    将安装包上传到软件仓库,别人可以方便的下载和安装

  • 部署

    启动镜像,获得运行着的容器.win开发好后.

    拿着下载好的安装包,用命令行运行起来(安装包中带着运行环境)

4.3 一个简单的流程

4.2.1 开发者在开发环境(本地机器)开发好应用后,制作出镜像。

Docker执行命令，在本地机器构建出镜像并存储。

4.2.2 开发者执行上传镜像命令,上传本地镜像到镜像仓库.

Docker收到命令后，将本地镜像上传到镜像仓库。

4.2.3 开发者向生产环境(远端服务器)发送运行镜像命令.

生产环境服务器收到命令后，Docker会从镜像仓库拉取镜像，然后基于镜像运行容器。

20210420095024.jpeg

5.镜像相关

类比win: 程序的安装包

官方镜像仓库

Docker镜像（image）详解

5.1 查看镜像

<code-box id="X2PBcr" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_10 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-X2PBcr" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-ybrney" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker images</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

5.2 搜索镜像

<code-box id="mTyms4" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_11 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-mTyms4" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-5hFw3d" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker search 镜像名称</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

5.3 拉取镜像

<code-box id="aKDzc8" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_12 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-aKDzc8" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-yd6eXW" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker pull 镜像名称:版本号</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

5.4 删除镜像

<code-box id="X46AGC" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_13 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-X46AGC" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-MM874w" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker rmi 镜像名称:版本号</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

5.5 其他

5.5.1 镜像信息

<code-box id="dmNy2a" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_14 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-dmNy2a" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-TM6Rm3" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">vim /var/lib/docker/image/overlay2/repositories.json</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

[图片上传失败...(image-1a5d2d-1663643704609)]

repositories.json文件中保存了一些基本信息

[图片上传失败...(image-183c9b-1663643704609)]

6.容器相关

类比win: 已经安装好的程序

6.1 查看容器列表

<code-box id="sjfz7Y" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_15 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-sjfz7Y" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-JER5xG" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"># 查看正在运行的容器
docker ps

查看所有容器

docker ps -a</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

6.2 创建容器

容器创建后,在容器列表中即可看到该容器(相当于安装好程序)

以后用后文的启、停、删就可以操作该容器了.

<code-box id="J87Y6P" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_16 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-J87Y6P" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-n5JF5w" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"># eg: \是换行的意思
docker run -d -p 1337:1337
--network kong-net
--name konga
-e "NODE_ENV=production"
-e "DB_ADAPTER=postgres"
-e "DB_URI=postgresql://kong:kong@172.0.0.1:5432/konga"
pantsel/konga</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

linux中-和--的区别?

-后面一般跟简写,大多数是一个字母,如:

<code-box id="2ApHdh" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_17 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-2ApHdh" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-b8A2H8" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">ls -l</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

--后面一般跟长的完整名字,如:

<code-box id="tpzseK" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_18 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-tpzseK" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-EdfSFz" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">chkconfig --add</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

run参数

  • -rm

    在容器退出时自动清理容器内部的文件系统

    在Docker容器退出时,默认容器内部的文件系统仍然被保留,以方便调试并保留用户数据.

    但是,对于前台运行的容器,由于其只是在开发调试过程中短期运行,其用户数据并无保留的必要.

    启动时设置-rm选项，这样在容器退出时就能够自动清理容器内部的文件系统.

  • -i

    保持容器运行

  • -p

    端口映射

  • -e

    传递环境变量

  • -t

    为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端

  • -d

    以守护进程模式运行容器，退出后容器不会停止

  • -it

    创建一个交互式容器，推出后容器容器停止运行

  • -id

    创建一个守护容器；退出后容器不停止运行

  • –-name

    为创建的容器命名

6.3 进入容器

<code-box id="C8bwRe" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_19 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-C8bwRe" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-7cRjhh" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker exec -it 容器名称 /bin/bash

eg:进入一个叫konga的容器

docker exec -it konga /bin/bash

在容器中执行了一个ping命令

ping 127.0.0.1

退出当前容器

exit</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

6.4 启动容器

<code-box id="ZwBccE" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_20 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-ZwBccE" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-Gn8EEz" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker start 容器名称</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

6.5 停止容器

<code-box id="4whFZF" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_21 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-4whFZF" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-kyrPX5" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker stop 容器名称</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

6.6 删除容器

<code-box id="icP7XA" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_22 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-icP7XA" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-QwDTtc" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker rm 容器名称

删除所有容器

docker rm docker ps -aq</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

6.7 查看容器详细信息

inspect 视察、检查

<code-box id="7xEX4m" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_23 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-7xEX4m" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-mFDYTX" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker inspect 容器名称</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

6.8 其他

6.8.1 容器文件位置

<code-box id="frNNH5" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_24 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-frNNH5" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-Zh2ynt" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">cd /var/lib/docker/containers</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

[图片上传失败...(image-c33118-1663643704607)]

查看所有容器,其中的id:eb67258c80d1与上方文件夹对应

<code-box id="WHmSs6" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_25 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-WHmSs6" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-dXzpzw" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker ps -a

显示

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eb67258c80d1 mongo "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 days ago Exited (0) 6 days ago mongo</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

6.8.2 从容器里拷贝文件(出来到)宿主机

手动拷贝，后面可以使用-v命令直接挂载（映射）数据。

<code-box id="TDmCm5" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_26 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-TDmCm5" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-wCsWaQ" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker cp CONTAINERID:/path/file.type /home

eg: 拷贝eb67258c80d1中的/home/test.txt到宿主机的/home文件夹下

docker cp eb67258c80d1:/home/test.txt /home

容器停止了也可以拷贝,只要容器还在,容器里面的文件就也还在.</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

7.网络相关

容器可以比拟做一个独立的系统环境,能配置自己网络,所以说容器里的localhost不一定等于宿主机的localhost

网络模式

  • bridge：桥接docker（默认创建时,不指定网络驱动,将使用bridge模式）

  • none：不配置网络

  • host：和宿主机共享网络

    例如:当你在容器上使用80端口访问其他应用,使用的是宿主机的80端口.

  • container：容器网络连通（用的少，局限很大）

Linux查看网络信息

<code-box id="tQBa8m" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_27 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-tQBa8m" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-66Ewwc" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"># if没有打错.

这里面能看到docker相关的网络.

ifconfig</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

7.1 查看docker下的网络列表

<code-box id="mPsG4B" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_28 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-mPsG4B" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-BexXN4" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker network ls</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

7.2 查看单个网络详细信息

<code-box id="ZnWcrC" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_29 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-ZnWcrC" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-ZZQ7yb" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker network inspect networkname</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

7.3 创建网络

<code-box id="nTxz2z" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_30 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-nTxz2z" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-zQdeWc" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"># 不指定网络驱动时,默认创建的是bridge网络.
docker network create networkname</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

7.4 删除网络

<code-box id="K2Hc2Y" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_31 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-K2Hc2Y" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-SrktPd" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker network rm networkname</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

8.日志相关

<code-box id="JGJ5ep" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_32 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-JGJ5ep" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-PMzAmS" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Options参数

--details: 显示更多的信息
--follow(-f): 跟踪实时日志
--since string: 显示自某个timestamp之后的日志，或相对时间，如40m（即40分钟）
--tail string: 从日志末尾显示多少行日志， 默认是all
--timestamps(-t): 显示时间戳
--until string: 显示自某个timestamp之前的日志，或相对时间，如40m（即40分钟</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

示例

<code-box id="b5AYj4" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_33 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-b5AYj4" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-MZc35e" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"># 查看容器mysql 最近30分钟的日志:
docker logs --since 30m mysql

查看容器mysql 某时间之后的日志：

docker logs -t --since="2019-11-02T13:23:37" mysql

查看容器mysql 某时间段日志：

docker logs -t --since="2019-11-02T13:23:37" --until "2019-11-03T12:23:37" mysql</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

9.配置国内加速

9.1 手动修改

<code-box id="ytY4hH" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_34 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-ytY4hH" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-hhYJ7H" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

加入镜像信息,注意不要有这行注释,json是不支持注释的,不然启动会报错

{
"registry-mirrors" : [
"https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com",
"http://registry.docker-cn.com",
"http://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
],
"insecure-registries" : [
"registry.docker-cn.com",
"docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
],
"debug" : true,
"experimental" : true
}</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

重启docker

<code-box id="PXjzB4" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_35 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-PXjzB4" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-GK85Zd" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">systemctl restart docker.service</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

镜像说明

<code-box id="6MPfsk" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_36 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-6MPfsk" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-Nxkmzt" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);">"https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com" //腾讯
"http://registry.docker-cn.com" //docker官方提供的中国镜像
"http://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn" //中国科学技术大学
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com" //网易</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

9.2 DaoCloud镜像站

帮助文档

Linux

<code-box id="x7iFYM" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, "SF UI Text", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative; display: block;"><pre class="highlighter-hljs mCustomScrollbar _mCS_37 mCS-autoHide" highlighted="true" id="pre-x7iFYM" style="padding: 10px !important; margin: 5px 0px; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color, opacity, padding-top, padding-bottom, margin-top, margin-bottom, height; overflow: visible; touch-action: pinch-zoom; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: 400; font-family: "Ubuntu Mono", monospace !important; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-radius: 4px !important; word-break: break-all; counter-reset: itemcounter 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(246, 248, 250); position: relative;">

<code-pre class="code-pre code-pre-line" id="pre-fcSMKW" style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block; left: 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"># 下载sh脚本 手动下载浏览器访问: https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh</code-pre>

</pre></code-box>

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