首先我很鄙视这个书名，因为作者在结尾自己说了不喜欢 Study 这个单词，但是（出版社）却用这个来命名该书，估计是销售的手段。

刚刚我用一个小时读完了这本280页（手机屏幕）的书，其实读书的时间占用了我本该写作业的30分钟，但是我现在不怕了（写博客占用了更多的写作业的时间）。因为我知道作业该怎么写，然后我觉得我能把作业在今天和明天写完。

我有一个很好的女朋友，因为我不仅在抱着她的时候很幸福，而且她还会督促我学习并分析我的行为（泄欲方面）。 她还会认真听我讲东西，并且给我真实的反馈。虽然我承认我讲课的水平很高，可是在理解一些新东西时还免不了跳出常人的认知范畴（她就是在这个时候发挥作用的）。

如果你问我“这不是一篇读后感么？为什么跑题了？” 这事要讲一个小插曲：
刚刚我在看书的时候，看到图像记忆的哪一张，采用了锚钉的图像记忆（就是想象一个锚插在了书上），然后翻到下一页时，作者给出了一个大锤子的图片。我就笑尿了。 之后我又想到昨天晚上熊君关于“学霸”的定义：

学霸就是会自己说笑话然后自己呵呵乐的人

顿时我就觉得，不懂得知识的乐趣的人，是顿然无法成为“学霸”的。（注意这里有一个显性的陷阱，就是学霸的学到底是什么？）

言归正传，作者在书中不称自己学习了，而是自我教育。在下很庆幸的是，小的时候自我教育了“右脑记忆”，“图像阅读”，“联想记忆” 这些最终未能坚持成功的 SB 方法。（难道他们现在不火了吗？）杨 在本书中提倡的是整体记忆，与之前的《采铜自选集》多有相似之处。现简述我的摘要，以备日后回顾：

The sequence of holistic learning is:

1. Acquire 要菜单
2. Understand 看菜谱
3. Explore 询问菜式是否按照自己推测的方法做的
4. Debug 服务员纠正你的说法
5. Apply 点完菜开始吃
6. Test 不好吃下次不点了

理解阶段

The Understand Phase, is where most people stop and smart people go beyond. Simply reaching this phase shows that you have linked the information enough so you can understand the context. The formula isn’t just random squiggles and letters.

Unfortunately, it isn’t much more. You might not be able to determine how the formula was derived, how it relates to other formulas or how it can be applied to problems outside what you’ve been taught.

Despite the limitations of stopping at this phase, it is the most critical. Unless you can acquire and understand the surface of information, you have no chance of building depth.

拓展阶段

（突然想起来有个词叫做—— 战拖）
A holistic learner would take the formula I mentioned in the last phase, and explore it. Where does it come from? What do the different components of the formula represent? What elements of the formula can be altered and how does that change results? What other formulas are similar to this in function or form?

Answering these questions may take a bit of time if you aren’t used to them. But once you make these methods a habit, exploration will naturally take over. Understanding won’t be enough because curiosity will drive you to connect it to new material.

There are three major ways you can explore ideas: depth, lateral and vertical exploration.

横向拓展 （Lateral）

Information doesn’t stand alone. What formulas are similar to this one in function or design? What other discoveries were made at the same time, by the same person or in the same field? What other facts surround this one?
比如有一个人有一万个女朋友，从其中一个女朋友的类型来研究这个人的喜欢类型就是横向的（在下个人简介，例子纯属虚构，如果有雷同，纯属巧合）

纵向拓展 （Vertical）

Information follows patterns, those patterns can be found in other information. Can I compare this formula to a natural event, like water flowing or driving a car? How does this discovery relate to a completely different historical event? How is this idea similar to completely different ideas.

Vertical exploration is the most difficult, but also the most creative way to learn. But, if used properly, it can be done with greater speed than the background research
required in depth exploration. Vertical exploration is the biggest subject of the techniques in this book as methods such as metaphor and visceralization work well within vertical exploration.
还是一万个女朋友，把他喜欢的女生的类型套到一万个参考对象中，来求证成功的方法叫做纵向的探索。

理解的弱点

Poor understanding tends to be shown when:

1. You’re reading but have no idea what the author is talking about.
2. Your notes (which are perfectly legible) don’t make any sense to you.

Getting to the surface understanding can’t be done through magic. My suggestion, if this is your stumbling block, is to seek as many well-written explanations as possible. Advanced techniques such as metaphor or visceralization can only work if the foundation of understanding is already there.

Even if you feel you can’t understand your subjects, I’ve found that this is rarely the main problem. Usually most people can understand the basics of an idea. It is the cross application and linking required to remember ideas that most people stumble on.

When you don’t understand, slow down and ask for different explanations. Often I’m struck by a new idea for awhile before I can fully understand it. The power I’ve made is being able to take the understanding, once formed, and rapidly grow that idea so that I can use it easily.

学习的目的 （Goals for Learning）

Up until this point I’ve assumed your goal is to learn information completely enough to pass almost any test in a subject. But just passing tests and getting good grades isn’t enough. Why do you actually want to learn this material? What usefulness can it have in your life?

Ironically, people who ask themselves questions like those are more likely to get better grades than the people who just want to pass with an A. Since they have a motivation to go beyond what is necessary to pass, they will understand the information more deeply than students who do not.

Does your learning have a purpose? I don’t care much about grades. I strive to do well in my courses, but the difference between a B+ and A+ doesn’t really bother me. What I do care about is having the asset of knowledge. Investing in learning can create tremendous rewards in your life if you actually use the concepts you’re spending so much time learning. Learning without a practical purpose is a waste of your time.

高效能学霸之路

Here are the key ideas for becoming more productive as a student:

1. Energy Management （论适量运动的重要性）
2. Batch （看成碧池的拖出去）
3. Don’t “Study” （论党的先进性教育）
4. Get Organized （论收拾桌子的重要性）
5. End Procrastination （战拖）

PS：为啥最近我总能想到鲁迅先生的“两棵枣树”其实内涵了转移视角让用户脑补的意图呢？

Recap of Major Concepts

作者在后面很贴心的做了总结，我建议所有写该类书籍的人都一概如此这般你是闹哪样啊！
At over 200 pages, this book has covered a lot of material. This recap of all the material can serve as a reference if you want to review any ideas or refresh your understanding.
Holistic learning is a strategy based on weaving information into webs, instead of bludgeoning yourself with rote-memorization.

The foundation of this strategy is:

1. Constructs - The sum total of all connections that represent your knowledge about a subject. These are the cities of your mind.
2. Models - Compact units of information that form the seeds of constructs. These are metaphors, visceralizations and diagrams. Models are the major intersections in the roadmap of your constructs.
3. Highways - Connections between different constructs. These aid in creative thinking. “Thinking outside the box” perfectly describes the act of thinking beyond the current constructs you have.

Holistic learning works in a sequence of five steps.

These steps aren’t always followed one-by- one, but this is the path they usually take:

1. Acquire - Receiving information through your senses.
2. Understand - Get the surface of information.
3. Explore - Connect that basic idea to others. Exploration works in three main ways:
   a) Depth Exploration - Exploring the background of an idea.
   b) Lateral Exploration - Exploring associated ideas.
   c) Vertical Exploration - Exploring the idea as it relates to different constructs.
4. Debug - Prune away false connections.
5. Apply - Take an idea and give it meaning beyond immediate uses.

There are five major types of information:

Information is similar to digestion. The process is the same regardless of what you ingest. But the inputs can be very different. Taking into account different information types can help you plan your learning efforts.

1. Arbitrary - Facts, dates, lists, rules and sequences. They have little logical grouping or depth.
2. Opinion - Information gathered for the sole purpose of supporting or defeating your argument. Volume is important here, rather than being able to memorize.
3. Process - Information in the form of skills. Requires practice, but is easier to remember.
4. Concrete - Ideas that are easy to visualize. These are often practical ideas that are easy to experience.
5. Abstract - Ideas that are difficult to experience. Math, philosophy and physics are some of the most abstract fields.

Summary of Techniques

Speed Reading

1. Use a pointer.
2. Practice read.
3. Use active reading to improve learning while reading.

Flow-Based Note Taking

1. Don’t write notes in a rigid hierarchy.
2. Create associations between briefly written ideas.

Metaphor

Look for a story, image or process that mirrors what you are studying.

Visceralization

1. Create a mental image of what you are studying.
2. Add other sensations and emotions to this image.
3. Look for ways the image does not apply or does not fully cover the subject to prevent errors later.

Diagramming

Create flow, concept or picture diagrams to link together several ideas onto the same source.

Link Method

1. Create a sequence of symbols that are easy to visualize.
2. Create “links” between each item by visualizing a bizarre scene that combines the two. 3) Create a link between the first sequence item and a trigger.

Peg Method

Same as link method except you link each idea to a list of 0-12 rhyming symbols you can recall easily.

Information Compression

Three main forms:

1. Mnemonics - Using words to compress several ideas into a single idea.
2. Picture Compression - Create a picture that links several ideas under a single theme.
3. Notes Compression - Rewrite a vast quantity of notes onto just a few pages.

Practical Usage

Look for ways to apply the idea in your daily life.

Model Debugging

Practice questions in your subject regularly and look for potential errors in your holistic web.

Project-Based Learning

Set up projects of 1-3 months that will force you to learn new concepts. This is a useful exercise for self-education, where there is less structure to guide you.

The Productive Student

1. Manage Your Energy
   Stay in shape, eat healthy and don’t work without sleep. - Schedule a day off each week.
2. Don’t “Study”
3. Nuke Procrastination
   Set up a Weekly and Daily Goals list to keep focused.
4. Batch smaller tasks into groups.
5. Be organized.
   Keep a calendar, to-do list and carry a notepad with you at all times.

Self-Education

Self-education can be cheap, fast and rewarding but it also has challenges. Namely, it has less structure and is more difficult than formal education. The main ways you can improve your ability to teach yourself are:

1. Improve your habits
2. Overcome the frustration barrier 3) Set learning goals to track progress.