Sql server日常运维命令总结

一、基础命令

查看当前数据库的版本

SELECT @@VERSION;

查看服务器部分特殊信息

select SERVERPROPERTY(N'edition') as Edition --数据版本，如企业版、开发版等

,SERVERPROPERTY(N'collation') as Collation --数据库字符集

,SERVERPROPERTY(N'servername') as ServerName --服务名

,@@VERSION as Version --数据库版本号

,@@LANGUAGE AS Language --数据库使用的语言，如us_english等

获取数据库当前时间

SELECT GETDATE() AS CurrentDateTime;

查看数据库启动的参数

sp_configure

查看所有数据库用户登录信息

sp_helplogins

查看数据库启动时间（最近一次）

select convert(varchar(30),login_time,120) from master..sysprocesses where spid=1

查看有多少个端口

SELECT * FROM sys.dm_tcp_listener_states;

查看当前的连接数

SELECT COUNT(*) AS [Connection Count] FROM sys.dm_exec_connections;

查看各个磁盘分区的剩余空间

Exec master.dbo.xp_fixeddrives

查看数据库的磁盘使用情况

Exec sp_spaceused

查看数据库服务器各数据库日志文件的大小及利用率

DBCC SQLPERF(LOGSPACE)

查看当前占用 cpu 资源最高的会话和其中执行的语句

select spid,cmd,cpu,physical_io,memusage,

(select top 1 [text] from ::fn_get_sql(sql_handle)) sql_text

from master..sysprocesses order by cpu desc,physical_io desc

查看缓存中重用次数少，占用内存大的查询语句（当前缓存中未释放的）

SELECT TOP 100 usecounts, objtype, p.size_in_bytes,[sql].[text]

FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans p OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text (p.plan_handle) sql

ORDER BY usecounts,p.size_in_bytes desc

看BUFFER POOL中，都缓存了哪些表(当前数据库)的数据

select OBJECT_NAME(object_id) 表名,COUNT(*) 页数,COUNT(*)*8/1024.0 Mb

from sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors a,sys.allocation_units b,sys.partitions c

where a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id

and b.container_id=c.hobt_id

and database_id=DB_ID()

group by OBJECT_NAME(object_id)

order by 2 desc

查看用户的权限

EXEC sp_helprotect;

查看当前数据库内存使用情况

select * from sys.dm_os_process_memory

查询当前数据库缓存的所有数据页面，哪些数据表，缓存的数据页面数量

-- 查询当前数据库缓存的所有数据页面，哪些数据表，缓存的数据页面数量

-- 从这些信息可以看出，系统经常要访问的都是哪些表，有多大？

select p.object_id, object_name=object_name(p.object_id), p.index_id, buffer_pages=count(*)

from sys.allocation_units a,

sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors b,

sys.partitions p

where a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id

and a.container_id=p.hobt_id

and b.database_id=db_id()

group by p.object_id,p.index_id

order by buffer_pages desc

查询缓存中具体的执行计划，及对应的SQL

-- 查询缓存中具体的执行计划，及对应的SQL

-- 将此结果按照数据表或SQL进行统计，可以作为基线，调整索引时考虑

-- 查询结果会很大，注意将结果集输出到表或文件中

SELECT usecounts ,

refcounts ,

size_in_bytes ,

cacheobjtype ,

objtype ,

TEXT

FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans cp

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle)

ORDER BY objtype DESC ;

查看具体某个用户的权限

SELECT p.class_desc, OBJECT_NAME(p.major_id) AS object_name, p.permission_name, p.state_desc, u.name AS user_name

FROM sys.database_permissions p

JOIN sys.database_principals u ON p.grantee_principal_id = u.principal_id

WHERE u.name = ‘test’

查看注册时的实例名

SELECT * FROM sys.servers;

查询用户角色

select SrvRole = g.name, MemberName = u.name, MemberSID = u.sid

from sys.server_principals u, sys.server_principals g, sys.server_role_members m

where g.principal_id = m.role_principal_id

and u.principal_id = m.member_principal_id

order by 1, 2

看服务器角色

select 用户名 = u.name,管理员权限 = g.name,是否在用 = u.is_disabled,MemberSID = u.sid

from sys.server_principals u, sys.server_principals g, sys.server_role_members m

where g.principal_id = m.role_principal_id

and u.principal_id = m.member_principal_id

and g.name = 'sysadmin'

order by 1, 2

查询当前用户所有用户表

select name from sysobjects where xtype='u' order by name

查看所有的数据库

Select Name FROM Master..SysDatabases orDER BY Name

查看服务器角色相关信息

SP_HELPSRVROLE

SP_HELPSRVROLEMEMBER 服务器角色

SP_HELPSRVROLE 服务器角色

查看数据库角色相关信息

SP_HELPROLE

SP_HELPROLEMEMBER 数据库角色

SP_HELPROLE 数据库角色

查看用户相关信息

SP_HELPUSER

SP_HELPUSER 数据库用户名

查看上次启动以来尝试的连接数

select @@connections //返回 SQL Server 自上次启动以来尝试的连接数，无论连接是成功还是失败

当前实例允许同时进行的最大用户连接数

select @@max_connections

//返回 SQL Server 实例允许同时进行的最大用户连接数。返回的数值不一定是当前配置的数值

查询当前最大的连接数

SELECT value_in_use

FROM sys.configurations c

WHERE c.name = 'user connections'; #0表示无限制

设置修改连接数

exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1

RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE

exec sp_configure 'user connections', 300

RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE

查询当前会话超时时间

select @@lock_timeout //返回当前会话的当前锁定超时设置（毫秒）。

查询每个用户的连接数

select loginame,count(1) as Nums

from sys.sysprocesses

group by loginame

order by 2 desc

select spid,ecid,status,loginame,hostname,cmd,request_id

from sys.sysprocesses where loginame='' and hostname=''

查看当前活动的实例

SELECT CURRENT_USER AS [Current User], SESSION_USER AS [Session User];

查看当前活动进程

SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_requests;

查看所有数据库的大小

SELECT

DB_NAME(database_id) AS DatabaseName,

SUM(size/128.0) AS SizeInMB,

SUM(size/128.0)/1024 AS SizeInGB

FROM

sys.master_files

GROUP BY

database_id

ORDER BY

SizeInMB DESC;

查看某个数据库的大小

SELECT sys.databases.name AS [Database Name],

CAST(SUM(size * 8 / 1024.0) AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS [Size (MB)]

FROM sys.master_files

INNER JOIN sys.databases ON sys.master_files.database_id = sys.databases.database_id

WHERE sys.databases.name = 'master'

GROUP BY sys.databases.name;

#也可以用EXEC sp_spaceused @updateusage = N'TRUE';

查看当前数据库的日志大小

SELECT sys.databases.name AS [Database Name],

CAST(size * 8 / 1024.0 AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS [Log File Size (MB)]

FROM sys.master_files

INNER JOIN sys.databases ON sys.master_files.database_id = sys.databases.database_id

WHERE sys.databases.name = 'master'

AND sys.master_files.type = 1;

查询当前数据库的表和视图

SELECT TABLE_NAME AS [Table/View Name], TABLE_TYPE AS [Type]

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

WHERE TABLE_TYPE IN ('BASE TABLE', 'VIEW');

查询表结构信息

sp_help 'test';

二、运维小技巧

一次性清除数据库所有表的数据（高危操作，谨慎）

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_DeleteAllData

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER ALL'

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?'

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? ENABLE TRIGGER ALL'

EXEC sp_MSFOREACHTABLE 'SELECT * FROM ?'

数据备份与恢复

备份

BACKUP DATABASE test TO DISK = 'C:\backup\MyDatabase.bak';

恢复

RESTORE DATABASE MyDatabase FROM DISK = 'C:\backup\MyDatabase.bak';

完整数据库备份

BACKUP DATABASE test

TO DISK = 'C:\Backup\MyDatabase.bak'

WITH FORMAT, MEDIANAME = 'MyDatabase_Full', NAME = 'Full Backup';

差异备份

BACKUP DATABASE test

TO DISK = 'C:\Backup\MyDatabase_diff.bak'

WITH DIFFERENTIAL, FORMAT, MEDIANAME = 'MyDatabase_Diff', NAME = 'Differential Backup';

事务日志备份

BACKUP LOG test

TO DISK = 'C:\Backup\MyDatabase_log.trn'

WITH NOFORMAT, NOINIT, NAME = N'MyDatabase_LogBackup', SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10;

还原数据库

RESTORE DATABASE test

FROM DISK = 'C:\Backup\MyDatabase.bak'

WITH FILE = 1, NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 5;

创建账户及数据库用户

#创建账户

CREATE LOGIN test WITH PASSWORD = '123123';

#创建数据库用户并映射到登录名

CREATE USER test FOR LOGIN test;

ALTER ROLE db_datareader ADD MEMBER test; -- 给予读权限

ALTER ROLE db_datawriter ADD MEMBER test; -- 给予写权限

SQL优化相关、执行时间

SELECT creation_time N'语句编译时间'

,last_execution_time N'上次执行时间'

,total_physical_reads N'物理读取总次数'

,total_logical_reads/execution_count N'每次逻辑读次数'

,total_logical_reads N'逻辑读取总次数'

,total_logical_writes N'逻辑写入总次数'

,execution_count N'执行次数'

,total_worker_time/1000 N'所用的CPU总时间ms'

,total_elapsed_time/1000 N'总花费时间ms'

,(total_elapsed_time / execution_count)/1000 N'平均时间ms'

,SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,

((CASE statement_end_offset

WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)

ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END

- qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) N'执行语句'

FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st

WHERE SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,

((CASE statement_end_offset

WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)

ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END

- qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) NOT LIKE '%fetch%'

ORDER BY total_elapsed_time / execution_count DESC;

查看job运行持续时间

SELECT

[T1].[job_id]

,[T1].[name] AS [job_name]

,[T2].[run_status]

,[T2].[run_date]

,[T2].[run_time]

,[dbo].[agent_datetime]([T2].[run_date], [T2].[run_time]) AS [run_datetime]

,[T2].[run_duration]

,DATEDIFF(SECOND, '1900-01-01', DATEADD(SECOND, 31, [dbo].[agent_datetime](19000101, [run_duration]))) AS [run_duration_s]

FROM

[dbo].[sysjobs] AS T1

INNER JOIN [dbo].[sysjobhistory] AS T2

ON [T2].[job_id] = [T1].[job_id]

WHERE

[T1].[enabled] = 1

AND [T2].[step_id] = 0

AND [T2].[run_duration] >= 1

and [T1].[name]='PIMS_CreatePaperCraftParameterAnalysisData'

ORDER BY

[T2].[job_id] ASC

,[T2].[run_date] ASC

从所有缓存中释放所有未使用的缓存条目

DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE('ALL');

查询、解除死锁

--查询表死锁信息

select object_name(resource_associated_entity_id) as tableName, request_session_id as pid from sys.dm_tran_locks

where resource_type = 'OBJECT'

dbcc opentran

--查看死锁的详细信息、执行的sql语句

exec sp_who2 53

--exec sp_who 53

DBCC inputbuffer (53)

--解除死锁

kill 53

查询SQL Server根据CPU消耗列出前5个最差性能的查询

-- Worst performing CPU bound queries

SELECT TOP 5

st.text,

qp.query_plan,

qs.*

FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.plan_handle) st

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp

ORDER BY total_worker_time DESC

查询数据库中各数据表大小

-- =============================================

-- 描述：更新查询数据库中各表的大小，结果存储到数据表中

-- =============================================

--查询是否存在结果存储表

IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects where id = OBJECT_ID(N'temp_tableSpaceInfo') AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)

BEGIN

--不存在则创建

CREATE TABLE temp_tableSpaceInfo

(name NVARCHAR(128),

rows char(11),

reserved VARCHAR(18),

data VARCHAR(18),

index_size VARCHAR(18),

unused VARCHAR(18))

END

--清空数据表

DELETE FROM temp_tableSpaceInfo

--定义临时变量在遍历时存储表名称

DECLARE @tablename VARCHAR(255)

--使用游标读取数据库内所有表表名

DECLARE table_list_cursor CURSOR FOR

SELECT name FROM sysobjects

WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsTable') = 1 AND name NOT LIKE N'#%%' ORDER BY name

--打开游标

OPEN table_list_cursor

--读取第一条数据

FETCH NEXT FROM table_list_cursor INTO @tablename

--遍历查询到的表名

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

BEGIN

--检查当前表是否为用户表

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(@tablename) AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)

BEGIN

--当前表则读取其信息插入到表格中

EXECUTE sp_executesql N'INSERT INTO temp_tableSpaceInfo EXEC sp_spaceused @tbname', N'@tbname varchar(255)', @tbname = @tablename

END

--读取下一条数据

FETCH NEXT FROM table_list_cursor INTO @tablename

END

--释放游标

CLOSE table_list_cursor

DEALLOCATE table_list_cursor

SELECT *,replace(reserved,'KB','')/1024 数据表大小M FROM temp_tableSpaceInfo order by replace(reserved,'KB','')/1024 desc

drop table temp_tableSpaceInfo

显示如何依据I/O消耗来找出你性能最差的查询

-- Worst performing I/O bound queries

SELECT TOP 5

st.text,

qp.query_plan,

qs.*

FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.plan_handle) st

CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp

ORDER BY total_logical_reads DESC

压缩数据库、文件、日志

DBCC ShrinkFile(‘数据库名’, targetsize); /* 收缩数据库文件 */

DBCC ShrinkFile(‘数据库名_log’, targetsize); /* 收缩日志文件 */

Targetsize：单位为兆，必须为整数，DBCC SHRINKFILE 尝试将文件收缩到指定大小。

DBCC SHRINKFILE 不会将文件收缩到小于“实际使用的空间”大小，例如“分配空间”为10M，“实际使用空间”为6M，当制定targetsize为1时，则将该文件收缩到6M，不会将文件收缩到1M。

--收缩数据库

DBCC SHRINKDATABASE(数据库名，百分比)

百分比：即“收缩后文件中的最大可用空间”，取值范围“大于等于0，小于100%”，实际使用中设为0即可。

查询数据库表字段各项属性信息，便于直接复制导出excel表

SELECT

表名 = Case When A.colorder=1 Then D.name Else '' End,

表说明 = Case When A.colorder=1 Then isnull(F.value,'') Else '' End,

字段序号 = A.colorder,

字段名 = A.name,

字段说明 = isnull(G.[value],''),

标识 = Case When COLUMNPROPERTY( A.id,A.name,'IsIdentity')=1 Then '√'Else '' End,

主键 = Case When exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects Where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=A.id and name in (

SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = A.id AND colid=A.colid))) then '√' else '' end,

类型 = B.name,

占用字节数 = A.Length,

长度 = COLUMNPROPERTY(A.id,A.name,'PRECISION'),

小数位数 = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(A.id,A.name,'Scale'),0),

允许空 = Case When A.isnullable=1 Then '√'Else '' End,

默认值 = isnull(E.Text,'')

FROM

syscolumns A

Left Join

systypes B

A.xusertype=B.xusertype

Inner Join

sysobjects D

A.id=D.id and D.xtype='U' and D.name<>'dtproperties'

Left Join

syscomments E

A.cdefault=E.id

Left Join

sys.extended_properties G

A.id=G.major_id and A.colid=G.minor_id

Left Join

sys.extended_properties F

D.id=F.major_id and F.minor_id=0

--where d.name='OrderInfo' --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件

Order By

A.id,A.colorder

数据库缓存清理

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].ClearMemory

BEGIN

--清除所有缓存

DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS

--打开高级配置

exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1

--设置最大内存值，清除现有缓存空间

exec sp_configure 'max server memory', 25600

EXEC ('RECONFIGURE')

--设置等待时间

WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:01'

--重新设置最大内存值

EXEC sp_configure 'max server memory',40960

EXEC ('RECONFIGURE')

--关闭高级配置

exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',0

END

三、日常运维操作

数据库用户、权限操作

USE [master]

--待确认账号密码

CREATE LOGIN [NDIT] WITH PASSWORD=N'1', DEFAULT_DATABASE=[PIMS], CHECK_EXPIRATION=OFF, CHECK_POLICY=OFF

USE PIMS

CREATE USER [NDIT] FOR LOGIN [NDIT]

--大权限，如果是指定的部分表，不执行这个，如果是所有内容都可以读，用此脚本

--EXEC sp_addrolemember N'db_datareader', N'NDIT'

--GO

--指定特定表名赋予新增/更新/查询

DECLARE @Sql NVARCHAR(max)

SET @Sql=''

--table

--SELECT @Sql=@Sql+'GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,SELECT ON ['+a.name+'] TO [NDIT];' FROM sys.tables AS a WHERE name IN ('Tab1','Tab2');

--view

--SELECT @Sql=@Sql+'GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,SELECT ON ['+a.name+'] TO [NDIT];' FROM sys.views AS a WHERE name IN ('view1','view2');

--procedure

--SELECT @Sql=@Sql+'GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,SELECT ON ['+a.name+'] TO [NDIT];' FROM sys.procedures AS a WHERE name IN ('proc1','proc2');

PRINT @Sql

EXEC(@Sql)

--禁用登陆帐户

alter login NDIT disable

--启用登陆帐户

alter login NDIT enable

--登陆帐户改名

alter login NDIT with name=dba_tom

--登陆帐户改密码：

alter login NDIT with password='aabb@ccdd'

--数据库用户改名：

alter user NDIT with name=dba_tom

--更改数据库用户 defult_schema：

alter user NDIT with default_schema=sales

--删除数据库用户：

drop user NDIT

--删除 SQL Server登陆帐户：

drop login NDIT

Sql server日常运维命令总结

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