基本查询(英文)

1.数据准备

PUT /lib3
{
    "settings":{
    "number_of_shards" : 3,
    "number_of_replicas" : 0
    },
     "mappings":{
      "user":{
        "properties":{
            "name": {"type":"text"},
            "address": {"type":"text"},
            "age": {"type":"integer"},
            "interests": {"type":"text"},
            "birthday": {"type":"date"}
        }
      }
     }
}

PUT /lib3/user/1
{
  "name":"zhaoliu",
  "address":"hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
  "age":50,
  "birthday":"1970-12-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
}

PUT /lib3/user/2
{
  "name":"zhaoming",
  "address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
  "age":20,
  "birthday":"1998-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
}

PUT /lib3/user/3
{
  "name":"lisi",
  "address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
  "age":27,
  "birthday":"1991-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
}

PUT /lib3/user/4
{
  "name":"wangwu",
  "address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
  "age":26,
  "birthday":"1992-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan biancheng,tingyinyue,lvyou"
}

PUT /lib3/user/5
{
  "name":"zhangsan",
  "address":"bei jing chao yang qu",
  "age":29,
  "birthday":"1989-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
}

GET /lib3/user/_search?q=name:lisi
{
  "took": 5,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 3,
    "successful": 3,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    #max_score:和当前搜索相关度的匹配分数
    "max_score": 0.6931472,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "lib3",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 0.6931472,
        "_source": {
          "name": "lisi",
          "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
          "age": 27,
          "birthday": "1991-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search?q=interests:changge&sort=age:desc
{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 3,
    "successful": 3,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "lib3",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "5",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhangsan",
          "address": "bei jing chao yang qu",
          "age": 29,
          "birthday": "1989-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
        },
        "sort": [
          29
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "lib3",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "lisi",
          "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
          "age": 27,
          "birthday": "1991-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
        },
        "sort": [
          27
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "lib3",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhaoming",
          "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
          "age": 20,
          "birthday": "1998-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
        },
        "sort": [
          20
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

2.term查询和terms查询

term query会去倒排索引中寻找确切的term,它并不知道分词器的存在,这种查询适合keyword、numeric、date

term:查询某个字段里含有某个关键词的文档

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{"term":{"interests":"changge"}}
}

terms:查询某个字段里含有多个关键词的文档

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{"terms":{"interests":["hejiu","changge"]}}
}

3.控制查询返回的数量

from:从哪一个文档开始
size:需要的个数

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "from":0,
  "size":2,
  "query":{"terms":"interests":["hejiu",changge]}
}

4.返回版本号

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "version":true,
  "query":{"terms":{"interests":["hejiu","changge"]}}
}

5.match查询

match query知道分词器的存在,会对field进行分词操作,然后再查询

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{"match":{"name":"zhaoliu,zhaoming"}}
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{"match":{"age":"20"}}
}

match_all:查询所有文档

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{"match_all":{}}
}

multi_match:可以指定多个字段

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{"multi_match":{"query":"lvyou","field":["interests","name"]}}
}

match_phrase:短语匹配查询
ElasticSearch引擎首先分析(analyze)查询字符串,从分析后的文本中构建查询短语查询,这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词,并且保证个分词的相对位置不变:

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "interests": "duanlian,shuoxiangsheng"
    }
  }
}

6.指定返回的字段

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "_source": ["name","address"],
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "interests": "changge"
    }
  }
}

7.控制加载的字段

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "_source": {
    "includes": ["name","address"],
    "excludes": ["age","birthday"]
  }
}

8.排序

使用sort实现排序:desc:降序,asc:升序

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {"match_all": {}},
  "sort": [
    {
      "age": {
        "order": "asc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {"match_all": {}},
  "sort": [
    {
      "age": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

9.前缀匹配查询

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {"match_phrase_prefix": {
    "name": {"query": "zhao"}
  }}
}

10.范围查找

range:实现范围查询
参数:from,to,include_lower,include_upper,boost
include_lower:是否包含范围的左边界,默认是true
include_upper:是否包含范围的右边界,默认是true

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "birthday": {
        "from": "1990-10-10",
        "to": "2018-12-27"
      }
    }
  }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "from": 20,
        "to": 25,
        "include_lower":true,
        "include_upper":false
      }
    }
  }
}

11.wildcard查询

允许使用通配符*和?来进行查询
*代表0个或多个字符
?代表任意一个字符

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {"wildcard": {
    "name": {
      "value": "zhao*"
    }
  }}
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "wildcard": {
      "name": {
        "value": "li?i"
      }
    }
  }
}

12.fuzzy实现模糊查询

value:查询的关键字
boost:查询的权值,默认值是1.0
min_similarity:设置匹配的最小相似度,默认值为0.5,对于字符串,取值为0-1(包括0和1);对于数值,取值可能大于1;对于日期型取值为1d,1m等,1d就代表1天
prefix_length:指明区分分词项的共同前缀长度,默认是0
max_expansions:查询中的词项可以扩展的数目,默认可以无限大

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {"interests": "chagge"}
  }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "fuzzy": {"interests": {"value": "chagge"}}
  }
}

13.高亮搜索结果

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "interests": "changge"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {"fields": {"interests": {}}}
}