iOS开发常常会碰到多线程开发技术,我们常用的集中多线程开发的技术有一下几点:
(1)pThread进行开发,pthread是基于C语言;
(2)NSThread 进行开辟多线程方式;
(3)GCD ;
(4)NSOperation.
接下来对上面几种多线程技术进行详细的讲解:
一.pThread
(1) pThread的创建线程方式
pthread_t thread;
pthread_create(&thread, NULL, run, NULL);
//run是需要在子线程实现的方法。
void *run(void *data){
NSLog(@"我在子线程中执行……");
for (int i = 1; i < 10 ; i ++) {
NSLog(@"%d",i);
sleep(1);
}
return NULL;
}
2.NSThread 创建线程有三种方式
(1)方式一 NSThread *thread1 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self
selector:@selector(runNSThread1) object:nil];
thread1.name = @"Name_thread1"; //设置线程的识别名
[thread1 setThreadPriority:0.7]; //设置优先级别
[thread1 start];
//runNSThread1 是在子线程里,执行的方法。
在子线程里,怎么回到主线程的方法需要调用 [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(runMainThread) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES];回到主线程执行的方法runMainThread这个方法内部就是在主线程执行了。
(2)方式二 通过detachNewThreadSelector方式创建并执行线程
[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(runNSThread1) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
(3)方式三 通过performSelectorInBackground方式创建并执行线程
[self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(runNSThread1) withObject:nil];
获取当前线程的信息 [NSThread currentThread].name ;
3.GCD
(1)dispatch_async创建一个线程
// dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
// //执行耗时任务
// NSLog(@"start task 1");
// [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
// NSLog(@"end task 1");
// dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
// //刷新UI
// NSLog(@"回到主线程,刷新UI");
// });
// });
(2)多线程的线程的优先级别
//dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH, 0), ^{
// //执行耗时任务
// NSLog(@"start task 1");
// [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
// NSLog(@"end task 1");
// });
// dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW, 0), ^{
// NSLog(@"start task 2");
// [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
// NSLog(@"end task 2");
// });
// dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
// //执行耗时任务
// NSLog(@"start task 3");
// [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
// NSLog(@"end task 3");
// });
DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH
DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW
DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT
是优先级别的参数。
(3)dispatch_queue_t 创建异步执行和串行执行queue
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.text.cn", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
// //NULL 为串行的 其实在同一个线程里执行的= DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL
// //DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT - 为异步执行
// dispatch_async(queue, ^{
// //执行耗时任务
// NSLog(@"start task 1");
// [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
// NSLog(@"end task 1");
// });
// dispatch_async(queue, ^{
// //执行耗时任务
// NSLog(@"start task 2");
// [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
// NSLog(@"end task 2");
// });
// dispatch_async(queue, ^{
// //执行耗时任务
// NSLog(@"start task 3");
// [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
// NSLog(@"end task 3");
// });
//NULL 为串行的 其实在同一个线程里执行的= DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL
// //DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT - 为异步执行
(4)dispatch_group_t 执行一定的任务,可以用dispatch_group_notify接收所有的任务执行完的一个后续操作,当前现在在最后一个执行完的线程里操作,需要回到主线程来操作
dispatch_queue_t queue1 = dispatch_queue_create("com.cn.ctvit.reque", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT); //异步
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_group_async(group, queue1, ^{
//内部可以执行异步操作,当前不是异步操作,如果是异步操作试一试
NSLog(@"start task 1");
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
NSLog(@"end task 1");
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue1, ^{
NSLog(@"start task 2");
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
NSLog(@"end task 2");
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue1, ^{
NSLog(@"start task 3");
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
NSLog(@"end task 3");
});
dispatch_group_notify(group, queue1, ^{
NSLog(@"all task done");
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"回到主线程");
});
});
(5)GCD实现单例
(6)GCD实现延迟操作
//延迟执行
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t) (2*NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"dely excute");
});
4.NSInvocationOperation,NSBlockOperation,NSOperation和NSOperationqueue 的组合运用
(1)NSInvocationOperation
//同步执行-放主线程里则会阻塞主线程,放在子线程则会阻塞子线程
// NSInvocationOperation *invocation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(goInvocation) object:nil];
// [invocation start];
//创建一个子线程-则阻塞子线程
// dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
// NSInvocationOperation *invocation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(goInvocation) object:nil];
// [invocation start];
// });
(2)NSBlockOperation
//同步执行
// NSBlockOperation *blockOpration = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
// for (int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) {
// NSLog(@"start task");
// [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
// }
// }];
// [blockOpration start];
(3)NSOperation 和 NSOperationQueue
if (!self.oprQueue) {
self.oprQueue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
}
[self.oprQueue setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:4];
CustomOperation *operationA = [[CustomOperation alloc] initWithName:@"operationA"];
CustomOperation *operationB = [[CustomOperation alloc] initWithName:@"operationB"];
CustomOperation *operationC = [[CustomOperation alloc] initWithName:@"operationC"];
CustomOperation *operationD = [[CustomOperation alloc] initWithName:@"operationD"];
[operationD addDependency:operationA];
[operationA addDependency:operationB];
[operationB addDependency:operationC]; //依赖关系不能相互依赖,也就是循环依赖
//异步执行
[self.oprQueue addOperation:operationA];
[self.oprQueue addOperation:operationB];
[self.oprQueue addOperation:operationC];
[self.oprQueue addOperation:operationD];
//CustomOperation是继承NSOperation 重写了main函数执行的。