Andrew Grey doesn’t fit most people’s idea of an astronomer天文学家. He works in a car repair shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian
1. idea of: 的想法 2.fit符合，配合；适合；合身 3.lab实验室 4.adj. 澳大利亚的，澳大利亚人的 n. 澳大利亚人
repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASA’s Kepler space telescope太空望远镜.
Mr. Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding. For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology 技术的进步 have brought a higher level of democratization (民主化) to science.
5.millions of :数百万 6.民间科学家 7.expand扩展 8.understanding理解 9.advances：前进
“This is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone could get involved in,” says Chris Lincoln, an Oxford University astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and cofounder of Zooniverse, a platform平台 that hosts dozens of citizen science projects. Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field, from ecology生态学 to astrophysics天体物理学.
10.cofounder:n. 共同创办人 11.dozens of几十；许多 12 field 领域；牧场；旷野；战场；运动场；字段
“As long as pattern recognition 模式识别 is involved, there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project,” Dr. Linton says. “Anyone can identify patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial使用说明书；软件教程. Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition. But humans, particularly特别地 amateur scientists, don’t stay focused on what they’re supposed to不会一直专注于他们应该做的事情. And that’s good, because people who do that notice the unusual things adj. 不寻常的；与众不同的；不平常的 in a data set.
13.pattern模式
“And citizen science doesn’t have to be directed by a scientist,” says Sheila Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard University. “Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed then can also be citizen scientists,” she says. That’s what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.
15:directed adj. 定向的；经指导的；被控制的v. 指导；管理（direct的过去式和过去分词） 16.director主任
17 organs n. [生物] 器官；机构；风琴（organ的复数）
18vt. 领导；致使；引导；指挥vi. 导致；用水砣测深n. 领导；铅；导线；榜样
Citizen-powered research is as old as scientific inquiry科学探究. For centuries before science became professionalized专业化, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them. Despite 即使，尽管 a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still welcome help from everyday people.
As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, “People think that were intelligen智能的；聪明的；理解力强的t, but science is easy and we need your help.”
安德鲁·格雷不符合大多数人心目中的天文学家形象。他在一家汽车修理店工作，而不是在实验室或大学，但这位澳大利亚修理工在美国宇航局开普勒太空望远镜的数据中发现了一个恒星系统。
格雷先生是帮助研究人员扩大集体理解的数百万民间科学家之一。几个世纪以来,只有几个普通人已经导致科学,但技术的进步带来了更高层次的民主化(民主化)。
“这是一个协作(合作的)努力,任何人都可以参与,”克里斯·林肯说牛津大学天体物理学家(天体物理学家)动物创始人之一,一个平台,有数十个公民科学项目。从生态学到天体物理学，公民科学家差不多在任何领域都有突出的贡献。
林顿博士说:“只要涉及到模式识别，什么可以成为公民科学项目就没有限制。”通过一个简短的教程，任何人都可以识别图像、图表，甚至看似无聊的数据中的模式。机器学习允许计算机做一些模式识别。但是人类，尤其是业余科学家，不会一直专注于他们应该做的事情。这很好，因为这样做的人会注意到数据集中的异常情况。
“公民科学不需要由科学家来指导，”希拉·贾森诺夫说，她是哈佛大学科学、技术和社会项目的主任。她说:“在官方机构失灵的地方产生知识的公民也可以是公民科学家。”这就是密歇根州弗林特市发生的事情，当地一位母亲开始对饮用水进行检测，从而引发了更广泛的铅含量调查。
以公民为动力的研究与科学探究一样古老。在科学变得专业化之前的几个世纪里，普通人在他们周围的世界里寻找模式。尽管有许多先进的设备和计算机模型，科学家们仍然欢迎普通人的帮助。
作为一名专业科学家，林托特说:“人们认为这很聪明，但是科学很简单，我们需要你的帮助。”
