L3-U3-P4-1 Listening : Leonardo da Vinci 1 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇 1
Leonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest geniuses of all time.
莱昂纳多·达·芬奇是有史以来最伟大的天才之一。
He was a painter, an architect, an engineer and a scientist.
他是一位画家、建筑师、工程师和科学家。
He was born in Vinci, Italy in 1452.
他于1452年出生于意大利的芬奇镇。
Vinci is a town just outside of the great Italian city, Florence.
芬奇是意大利名城佛罗伦萨附近的一个小镇。
His name Da Vinci means "of Vinci”.
他的名字“达·芬奇”意为“来自芬奇”。
Leonardo’s father was a lawyer and landowner, and his mother was a peasant.
莱昂纳多的父亲是一位律师和地主，他的母亲是一位农民。
Leonardo’s parents were never married to each other.
莱昂纳多的父母从未结婚。
When was he born? - He was born in 1452.
他什么时候出生的？——他出生于1452年。
What was his father's profession? - Leonardo’s father was a lawyer and landowner.
他父亲的职业是什么？——莱昂纳多的父亲是一位律师和地主。
Leonardo lived with his mother until he was around 5 years old.
莱昂纳多和母亲一起生活，直到他大约5岁。
When he was 5, he moved into the home of his father.
5岁时，他搬到了父亲的家中。
By then his father had married a 16-year-old girl.
那时他的父亲已经娶了一位16岁的女孩。
Leonardo’s mother married another man, and moved to another town.
莱昂纳多的母亲嫁给了另一个男人，并搬到了另一个城镇。
She had many more children after that, with several different men.
之后，她又和其他几个男人生了许多孩子。
In the end, Leonardo had more than 15 half-sisters and brothers.
最终，莱昂纳多有超过15个同父异母或同母异父的兄弟姐妹。
With whom did he live until he was five? - Leonardo lived with his mother until he was around 5 years old.
他5岁之前和谁一起生活？——莱昂纳多和母亲一起生活，直到他大约5岁。
Leonardo’s mother married another man, and moved to another town.
莱昂纳多的母亲嫁给了另一个男人，并搬到了另一个城镇。
As a young man, Da Vinci didn’t go to school.
作为一个年轻人，达·芬奇没有上学。
He was educated at home in reading, writing and mathematics.
他在家中学习阅读、写作和数学。
In other subjects, he was mostly self-educated.
在其他学科上，他主要靠自学。
He had access to books at his father’s home.
他可以在父亲的家中接触到书籍。
Leonardo spent a lot of time outdoors and developed a strong interest in nature.
莱昂纳多花了很多时间在户外，对自然产生了浓厚的兴趣。
He loved to observe things, especially birds.
他喜欢观察事物，尤其是鸟类。
He was also interested in the properties of water.
他对水的特性也很感兴趣。
In what did he develop a strong interest? - He developed a strong interest in nature.
他在什么方面产生了浓厚的兴趣？——他对自然产生了浓厚的兴趣。
He had access to books at his father’s home.
他可以在父亲的家中接触到书籍。
When he was five, he moved into the home of his father.
5岁时，他搬到了父亲的家中。
He developed a strong interest in nature.
他对自然产生了浓厚的兴趣。
L3-U3-P4-2 Listening : Leonardo da Vinci 2 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇 2
Leonardo’s early drawings and paintings demonstrated a rare talent.
莱昂纳多的早期绘画和素描展现了罕见的天赋。
His father and his father’s friends recognized his talent and encouraged him.
他的父亲和他的父亲的朋友们发现了他的天赋，并鼓励了他。
When he was 15, he was sent to Florence.
15岁时，他被送往佛罗伦萨。
In Florence, he became an apprentice to a famous master painter.
在佛罗伦萨，他成为了一位著名画家的学徒。
For the next few years, Leonardo worked at his master’s workshop.
在接下来的几年里，莱昂纳多在他的师父的工作室工作。
It wasn't long before his ability surpassed that of his master.
不久，他的能力就超过了师父。
Some people say that his master became jealous of Leonardo’s great talent.
有人说，他的师父嫉妒莱昂纳多的卓越才华。
They say that the master vowed to never paint again.
他们说，师父发誓再也不画画了。
In 1478, with his father's help, Leonardo set up his own workshop.
1478年，在父亲的帮助下，莱昂纳多开设了自己的工作室。
It wasn't long before his ability surpassed that of his master.
不久，他的能力就超过了师父。
Leonardo in Milan
In 1482, he entered the service of a powerful man in the city of Milan.
1482年，他进入米兰城一位权势显赫的人的服务。
This man was the Duke of Milan.
这个人是米兰公爵。
For the next few years, Leonardo designed buildings, machinery, and weapons of war.
在接下来的几年里，莱昂纳多设计了建筑、机械和战争武器。
Weapons were important because Italy was constantly at war during this period.
武器很重要，因为意大利在这一时期一直处于战争状态。
From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo produced designs for a variety of weapons.
从1485年到1490年，莱昂纳多设计了多种武器。
In his notes, he predicted the development of advanced weapons such as submarines and flying machines.
在他的笔记中，他预测了先进武器的发展，如潜水艇和飞行器。
In 1499, the French invaded Italy and Leonardo left Milan.
1499年，法国入侵意大利，莱昂纳多离开了米兰。
Weapons were important because Italy was constantly at war during this period.
武器很重要，因为意大利在这一时期一直处于战争状态。
From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo produced designs for a variety of weapons.
从1485年到1490年，莱昂纳多设计了多种武器。
All together, Leonardo spent 17 years in Milan.
莱昂纳多在米兰总共待了17年。
During this period he spent much of his time studying nature.
在这段时间里，他大部分时间都在研究自然。
He dissected bodies, both human and animal, to study and illustrate anatomy.
他解剖了人体和动物的尸体，以研究和绘制解剖图。
His detailed illustrations are masterpieces.
他的详细插图是杰作。
Leonardo filled many notebooks with drawings and ideas.
莱昂纳多用许多笔记本记录了绘画和想法。
He wrote backwards, so you need a mirror to read them.
他反向书写，因此需要一面镜子才能阅读。
How did he spend much of his time in Milan? - During this period he spent much of his time studying nature.
他在米兰的大部分时间做了什么？——他大部分时间都在研究自然。
He wrote backwards, so you need a mirror to read them.
他反向书写，因此需要一面镜子才能阅读。
When he was 15, he was sent to Florence.
15岁时，他被送往佛罗伦萨。
During this period he spent much of his time studying nature.
在这段时间里，他大部分时间都在研究自然。
After 1500, Leonardo spent time in a number of Italian cities.
1500年后，莱昂纳多在几个意大利城市度过了一段时间。
He worked very slowly, and the range of his interests was very wide.
他工作非常慢，他的兴趣范围非常广泛。
As a result, Leonardo left many paintings and projects unfinished.
因此，莱昂纳多留下了许多未完成的绘画和项目。
One painting that he did finish was the Mona Lisa, one of the world’s most famous paintings.
他完成的一幅画是《蒙娜丽莎》，这是世界上最著名的画作之一。
People are still interested in this painting, 500 years after he painted it.
在他完成这幅画后的500年，人们仍然对这幅画感兴趣。
Though there are many theories, nobody knows who the woman in the painting really was.
尽管有许多理论，但没有人知道画中的女人究竟是谁。
As a result, Leonardo left many paintings and projects unfinished.
因此，莱昂纳多留下了许多未完成的绘画和项目。
In 1516 Leonardo left Italy for good when the French King, Francis I, offered him a position.
1516年，莱昂纳多永久离开了意大利，因为法国国王弗朗西斯一世给他提供了一个职位。
There he had the freedom to paint or draw whatever he wanted.
在那里，他可以自由地画或画他想画的任何东西。
Leonardo died in 1519 at the age of 67.
莱昂纳多于1519年去世，享年67岁。
Some say that the French King, who had become a close friend, was with him when he died.
有人说，已经成为他密友的法国国王在他去世时陪伴着他。
He was buried in a church which was destroyed during the French Revolution.
他被埋葬在一座教堂里，这座教堂在法国大革命期间被摧毁了。
The exact location of his remains is unknown.
他的遗体的确切位置至今未知。
Some say that the French King, who had become a close friend, was with him when he died.
有人说，已经成为他密友的法国国王在他去世时陪伴着他。
As a result, Leonardo left many paintings and projects unfinished.
因此，莱昂纳多留下了许多未完成的绘画和项目。
Some say that the French King was with him when he died.
有人说，法国国王在他去世时陪伴着他。
L3-U3-P4-3 Vocabulary : Sources of Pollution 污染的来源
Waste water and carbon gases from farm animals are bad for the environment.
农场动物的废水和碳气体对环境有害。
Animal wastes and other chemicals flow into the ground and pollute water supplies.
动物废物和其他化学物质渗入地下，污染了水源。
Exhaust gases from automobiles are a major cause of air pollution and global warming.
汽车尾气是空气污染和全球变暖的主要原因。
As a result, many companies are trying to produce more efficient and cleaner cars.
因此，许多公司正在努力生产更高效、更清洁的汽车。
Pesticides and fertilizers are used by farmers to grow crops, such as fruits and vegetables.
农民使用杀虫剂和化肥来种植农作物，比如水果和蔬菜。
These chemicals pollute the water supplies when they flow into the ground or rivers.
当这些化学物质渗入地下或流入河流时，它们会污染水源。
Factories, like this one, allow harmful chemicals to get into the air or water.
像这样的工厂，允许有害化学物质进入空气或水中。
Companies need to try harder to protect the environment and our health.
公司需要更加努力地保护环境和我们的健康。
Nuclear waste products are radioactive and can pollute the environment for thousands of years.
核废料具有放射性，可能会在数千年间污染环境。
They need to be safely transported and stored in a safe place.
它们需要被安全地运输并储存在安全的地方。
Nuclear waste products need to be stored in a safe place.
核废料需要被储存在安全的地方。
L3-U3-P4-4 Vocabulary : Historical Figures 历史人物
The British writer, Jane Austen, was born in England in 1775, one of seven children.
她创作了一些有史以来最受欢迎的爱情故事。
She wrote some of the most popular love stories of all time.
英国作家简·奥斯汀于1775年出生于英格兰，是七个孩子中的一个。
One of the most famous female rulers in history, Cleopatra had affairs with Julius Caesar and later with Mark Antony.
历史上最著名的女性统治者之一，克利奥帕特拉与尤利乌斯·凯撒有过一段恋情，后来又与马克·安东尼有过关系。
She was known for her great beauty and charming voice.
她以美貌和迷人的嗓音而闻名。
Born in 1756, Mozart composed and performed some of the world’s greatest classical music.
莫扎特于1756年出生，他创作并演奏了一些世界上最伟大的古典音乐。
He was the youngest of seven children and by the age of five he was already composing music.
他是七个孩子中最小的一个，五岁时就已经开始创作音乐。
The son of a king, Alexander the Great was a military leader who created one of the largest empires in the ancient world.
亚历山大大帝是一位国王的儿子，他是一位军事领袖，建立了古代世界最大的帝国之一。
As a youth, Alexander was taught by the Greek philosopher Aristotle.
在年轻时，亚历山大曾受教于希腊哲学家亚里士多德。
Mahatma Gandhi was a 20th century leader who used nonviolent resistance to lead India to independence.
圣雄甘地是20世纪的一位领袖，他通过非暴力抵抗带领印度走向独立。
Gandhi dedicated his life to the pursuit of truth.
甘地将他的一生奉献给了对真理的追求。
Who was a great British writer? - The British writer, Jane Austen, was born in England in 1775, one of seven children.
谁是一位伟大的英国作家？——英国作家简·奥斯汀于1775年出生于英格兰，是七个孩子中的一个。
She used her beauty and charm to gain power.
她利用美貌和魅力获取权力。
L3-U3-P4-5 Dialogue : An Urgent Call 紧急电话
M:I’d like to speak with Mr. Bennett, please.
M:我想和贝内特先生通话。
W:I’m sorry, but he’s not here right now. Would you like to leave a voice message?
W:对不起，他现在不在。您想留言吗？
M:It’s urgent that I speak with him. It’s an emergency!
M:我必须和他通话，这是紧急情况！
W:Oh, I see. What kind of emergency?
W:哦，我明白了。是什么样的紧急情况？
M:It’s very personal. So I can’t give you any details.
M:这是非常私人的问题，所以我不能告诉你细节。
Would you like to leave a voice message?
你想留言吗？
W:Without more details, I’m afraid I can’t give you his number. Give me your number and I’ll let him know about your call. Then maybe he’ll call you back, would that be okay?
W:没有更多的细节，我恐怕不能给你他的号码。给我你的号码，我会告诉他你打过电话。然后他可能会给你回电，这样可以吗？
M:Sure, my number is 583-4987. It would be great if he could call within the next half hour.
M:好的，我的号码是583-4987。如果他能在接下来的半小时内回电，那就太好了。
L3-U3-P4-6 Dialogue : Settling the Bill 结账
A:That was a great dinner.
A:这顿饭真不错。
B:Here, put away your wallet. I’ll pay the bill.
B:别掏钱包了，我来付账。
A:You paid last time, this time it's my turn to pay.
A:上次是你付的，这次该我来了。
B:Hey, you don’t have a job, and I do. Let me pay.
B:嘿，你又没有工作，我有。让我来付吧。
A:Thanks for the offer, but I can handle it.
A:谢谢你的好意，但我可以付。
B:Wait, let’s flip for it.
B:等等，我们来抛硬币决定。
A:Flip for it? What does that mean?
A:抛硬币？那是什么意思？
B:Do you see this coin? This side is heads, and the opposite side is tails. I’ll flip it up in the air. If it comes down with heads facing up, I’ll pay. If tails is up, you can pay.
B:你看这枚硬币。这一面是正面，另一面是反面。我会把它抛到空中。如果正面朝上，我来付；如果是反面朝上，你来付。
A:Okay, that’s fine with me.
A:好的，我没问题。
B:Look, it’s heads up. So I’ll pay.
B:看，是正面朝上。所以我来付。
A:Thanks, it’s very nice of you.
A:谢谢，你真是太好了。
B:It’s my pleasure.
B:不客气。
W:Do you want anything else, sir? Would you like to see the dessert menu?
W:先生，您还需要别的吗？您想看看甜点菜单吗？
M:No, thanks. I’m ready for the check. Here is my credit card.
M:不用了，谢谢。我可以结账了。这是我的信用卡。
W:I’m sorry, sir, but we don’t take credit cards.
W:对不起，先生，我们这里不接受信用卡。
M:You’re joking, right?
M:你在开玩笑吧？
W:No, sir, I’m not joking. Do you see that sign? It says "cash only".
W:不，先生，我不是开玩笑。您看到那个标志了吗？上面写着“只收现金”。
M:I didn’t see it when I came in. I don’t have enough cash to pay the bill.
M:我进来的时候没看到。我没有足够的现金来付账。
How did he plan to pay? - He planned to pay by credit card.
他打算怎么付账？——他打算用信用卡付账。
W:There's a bank down the street, sir. If you let me hold your driver’s license, you can go and get the cash.
W:先生，街对面有家银行。如果您把驾照留给我，您可以去取现金。
M:Ok, I hope the bank is open.
M:好的，希望银行还开着。
W:The bank is closed, but you can use the ATM to get your cash.
W:银行关门了，但您可以去用自动取款机取现金。
Where can he get the cash? - He can get the cash at an ATM down the street.
他可以在哪里取现金？——他可以在街对面的自动取款机取现金。
The bank is closed, but you can use the ATM to get your cash.
银行关门了，但您可以去用自动取款机取现金。
Would you like to see the dessert menu?
您想看看甜点菜单吗？
There's a bank down the street, Sir.
街对面有家银行，先生。
Do you want anything else, sir?
先生，您还需要别的吗？
The bank is closed, but you can use the ATM to get your cash.
银行关门了，但您可以去用自动取款机取现金。
He has to leave his driver’s license with the waitress.
他必须把驾照留给服务员。
