Java的线程分为两种:User Thread(用户线程)、DaemonThread(守护线程)。
只要当前JVM实例中尚存任何一个非守护线程没有结束,守护线程就全部工作;只有当最后一个非守护线程结束是,守护线程随着JVM一同结束工作,Daemon作用是为其他线程提供便利服务,守护线程最典型的应用就是GC(垃圾回收器),他就是一个很称职的守护者。
User和Daemon两者几乎没有区别,唯一的不同之处就在于虚拟机的离开:如果 User Thread已经全部退出运行了,只剩下Daemon Thread存在了,虚拟机也就退出了。 因为没有了被守护者,Daemon也就没有工作可做了,也就没有继续运行程序的必要了。
首先看一个例子,主线程中建立一个守护线程,当主线程结束时,守护线程也跟着结束。
package com.daemon;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DaemonThreadTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread mainThread = new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run()
{
Thread childThread = new Thread(new ClildThread());
childThread.setDaemon(true);
childThread.start();
System.out.println("I'm main thread...");
}
});
mainThread.start();
}
}
class ClildThread implements Runnable
{
@Override
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
System.out.println("I'm child thread..");
try
{
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
如果不何止childThread为守护线程,当主线程结束时,childThread还在继续运行,如下:
package com.daemon;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DaemonThreadTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread mainThread = new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run()
{
Thread childThread = new Thread(new ClildThread());
childThread.setDaemon(false);
childThread.start();
System.out.println("I'm main thread...");
}
});
mainThread.start();
}
}
class ClildThread implements Runnable
{
@Override
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
System.out.println("I'm child thread..");
try
{
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
运行结果:
可以看到,当主线程结束时,childThread是非守护线程,就会无限的执行。
守护线程有一个应用场景,就是当主线程结束时,结束其余的子线程(守护线程)自动关闭,就免去了还要继续关闭子线程的麻烦。不过博主推荐,如果真有这种场景,还是用中断的方式实现比较合理。
还有补充一点,不是说当子线程是守护线程,主线程结束,子线程就跟着结束,这里的前提条件是:当前jvm应用实例中没有用户线程继续执行,如果有其他用户线程继续执行,那么后台线程不会中断,如下:
package com.daemon;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DaemonThreadTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread mainThread = new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run()
{
Thread childThread = new Thread(new ClildThread());
childThread.setDaemon(true);
childThread.start();
System.out.println("I'm main thread...");
}
});
mainThread.start();
Thread otherThread = new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
System.out.println("I'm other user thread...");
try
{
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
otherThread.start();
}
}
class ClildThread implements Runnable
{
@Override
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
System.out.println("I'm child thread..");
try
{
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
如果需要在主线程结束时,将子线程结束掉,可以采用如下的中断方式:
package com.self;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread mainThread = new Thread(new Runnable(){
public void run()
{
System.out.println("主线程开始...");
Thread sonThread = new Thread(new Thread1(Thread.currentThread()));
sonThread.setDaemon(false);
sonThread.start();
try
{
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(10000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("主线程结束");
}
});
mainThread.start();
}
}
class Thread1 implements Runnable
{
private Thread mainThread;
public Thread1(Thread mainThread)
{
this.mainThread = mainThread;
}
@Override
public void run()
{
while(mainThread.isAlive())
{
System.out.println("子线程运行中....");
try
{
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
回归正题,这里有几点需要注意:
(1) thread.setDaemon(true)必须在thread.start()之前设置,否则会跑出一个IllegalThreadStateException异常。你不能把正在运行的常规线程设置为守护线程。
(2) 在Daemon线程中产生的新线程也是Daemon的。
(3) 不要认为所有的应用都可以分配给Daemon来进行服务,比如读写操作或者计算逻辑。
写java多线程程序时,一般比较喜欢用java自带的多线程框架,比如ExecutorService,但是java的线程池会将守护线程转换为用户线程,所以如果要使用后台线程就不能用java的线程池。
如下,线程池中将daemon线程转换为用户线程的程序片段:
static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
private final ThreadGroup group;
private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
private final String namePrefix;
DefaultThreadFactory() {
SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
namePrefix = "pool-" +
poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +
"-thread-";
}
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
0);
if (t.isDaemon())
t.setDaemon(false);
if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
return t;
}
}
注意到,这里不仅会将守护线程转变为用户线程,而且会把优先级转变为Thread.NORM_PRIORITY。
如下所示,将守护线程采用线程池的方式开启:
package com.daemon;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DaemonThreadTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread mainThread = new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run()
{
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Thread childThread = new Thread(new ClildThread());
childThread.setDaemon(true);
exec.execute(childThread);
exec.shutdown();
System.out.println("I'm main thread...");
}
});
mainThread.start();
}
}
class ClildThread implements Runnable
{
@Override
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
System.out.println("I'm child thread..");
try
{
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}