private final ConcurrentHashMap.Node<K,V>[] initTable() {//初始化数组
ConcurrentHashMap.Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)//判断当前是否有线程在初始化
Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
else if (U.compareAndSetInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
try {
if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
ConcurrentHashMap.Node<K,V>[] nt = (ConcurrentHashMap.Node<K,V>[])new ConcurrentHashMap.Node<?,?>[n];
table = tab = nt;
sc = n - (n >>> 2);
}
} finally {
sizeCtl = sc;//12
}
break;
}
}
return tab;
}
当有第一条线程访问ConCurrentHashMap时，发生初始化，默认创建的数组大小是16.
final ConcurrentHashMap.Node<K,V>[] helpTransfer(ConcurrentHashMap.Node<K,V>[] tab, ConcurrentHashMap.Node<K,V> f) {//引入forwordingNode帮助扩容。
ConcurrentHashMap.Node<K,V>[] nextTab; int sc;
if (tab != null && (f instanceof ConcurrentHashMap.ForwardingNode) &&
(nextTab = ((ConcurrentHashMap.ForwardingNode<K,V>)f).nextTable) != null) {
int rs = resizeStamp(tab.length) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT;
while (nextTab == nextTable && table == tab &&
(sc = sizeCtl) < 0) {
if (sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || sc == rs + 1 ||
transferIndex <= 0)
break;
if (U.compareAndSetInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) {
transfer(tab, nextTab);//在此处调用扩容方法
break;
}
}
return nextTab;
}
return table;
}
private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
int n = tab.length, stride;
if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
if (nextTab == null) { // initiating
try {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1];
nextTab = nt;
} catch (Throwable ex) { // try to cope with OOME
sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
nextTable = nextTab;
transferIndex = n;
}
int nextn = nextTab.length;
ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
boolean advance = true;
boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab
for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int fh;
while (advance) {
int nextIndex, nextBound;
if (--i >= bound || finishing)
advance = false;
else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
i = -1;
advance = false;
}
else if (U.compareAndSetInt
(this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
bound = nextBound;
i = nextIndex - 1;
advance = false;
}
}
if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
int sc;
if (finishing) {
nextTable = null;
table = nextTab;
sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
return;
}
if (U.compareAndSetInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
return;
finishing = advance = true;
i = n; // recheck before commit
}
}
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
advance = true; // already processed
else {
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
Node<K,V> ln, hn;
if (fh >= 0) {
int runBit = fh & n;
Node<K,V> lastRun = f;
for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
int b = p.hash & n;
if (b != runBit) {
runBit = b;
lastRun = p;
}
}
if (runBit == 0) {
ln = lastRun;
hn = null;
}
else {
hn = lastRun;
ln = null;
}
for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
if ((ph & n) == 0)
ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
else
hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);
}
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
int lc = 0, hc = 0;
for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
int h = e.hash;
TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
(h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
if ((h & n) == 0) {
if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
lo = p;
else
loTail.next = p;
loTail = p;
++lc;
}
else {
if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
hi = p;
else
hiTail.next = p;
hiTail = p;
++hc;
}
}
ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) :
(hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) :
(lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
else if (f instanceof ReservationNode)
throw new IllegalStateException("Recursive update");
}
}
}
}
}
扩容机制与HashMap类似，但使用了多线程扩容，来帮助突破扩容效率的瓶颈点。
扩容时候会判断这个值，如果超过阈值（即初始化时sizectl=12）就要扩容，首先根据运算得到需要遍历的次数i，然后利用tabAt方法获得i位置的元素f，初始化一个forwardNode实例fwd，如果f == null，则在table中的i位置放入fwd，否则采用头插法的方式把当前旧table数组的指定任务范围的数据给迁移到新的数组中，然后，给旧table原位置赋值fwd。直到遍历过所有的节点以后就完成了复制工作，把table指向nextTable，并更新sizeCtl为新数组大小的0.75倍 ，扩容完成。
在扩容时发生了读写操作：
(1)对于get读操作，如果当前节点有数据，还没迁移完成，此时不影响读，能够正常进行。 如果当前链表已经迁移完成，那么头节点会被设置成fwd节点，此时get线程会帮助扩容。
(2)对于put/remove写操作，如果当前链表已经迁移完成，那么头节点会被设置成fwd节点，此时写线程会帮助扩容，如果扩容没有完成，当前链表的头节点会被锁住，所以写线程会被阻塞，直到扩容完成。
