Ⅰ、vocabulary
1、arduous
UK['ɑ:.dju.əs]US['ɑ:r.dʒu-]adjective
意思：a.difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy 艰难的，艰巨的；费力的
原文：Coming home from an arduous day at the hospital, he would go straight to his yellow pad and write his tensions away.劳累一天从医院回家，他会直奔自己的黄色本子，将一天的紧张情绪都写掉。
造句：The task was morearduousthan he had calculated.
2、craft
意思：n.（需要技术的）行业，职业 You can use craft to refer to any activity or job that involves doing something skilfully.
原文：. I said that writing is a craft, not an art, and that the man who runs away from his craft because he lacks inspiration is fooling himself.我说写作是技能，不是艺术，由于缺乏灵感而逃避技能的人是自欺欺人。
造句：Chefs learned their craft in top hotels.
3、circulate
意思：v. (在聚会上)周旋，往来应酬If you circulate at a party, you move among the guests and talk to different people.
原文：A student asked if we found it useful to circulate in the literary world.一名学生问我们是否觉得多交往文学界的人很有用。
造句：Let me get you something to drink, then I mustcirculate.
circulate原意有应酬的意思，此处也指与人交往、来往
4、revelation
意思：N-SING 单数名词意想不到的事物;非常好的事物If you say that something you experienced wasa revelation, you are saying that it was very surprising or very good.
原文：So the morning went, and it was a revelation to all of us.
造句：The noise, the buildings, the people, came as a revelation.
5、bewilder UK[bɪ'wɪl.dər]US[-dɚ]verbtransitive
意思：VERB 动词使困惑；使糊涂；使不知所措If something bewilders you, it is so confusing or difficult that you cannot understand it.
原文：As for the students, anyone might think we left them bewildered.至于学生们，大家都觉得我们叫他们简直不知所措。
造句：The silence from Alex had hurt andbewildered her.
6、burst
意思：N-COUNT 可数名词短暂的突然发作;一阵A burst of something is a sudden short period of it.
原文：Some people write their first draft in one long burst and then revise.有人第一稿一气呵成，然后再修改。
造句：It is easier to cope with short bursts of activity than with prolonged exercise.
7、hassle
意思：VERB 动词烦扰;纠缠If someone hassles you, they cause problems for you, often by repeatedly telling you or asking you to do something, in an annoying way.
原文：He meant that the students had been hassling them about different things.
造句：If you are tired of beinghassled by unreasonable parents, leave home and pay your own way.
8、elusive
意思：ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词难以得到的;难以描述的;想不起来的；难以实现的Something or someone that is elusive is difficult to find, describe, remember, or achieve.
原文：Who is this elusive creature, the reader?
造句：In London late-night taxis are elusiveand far from cheap.
Ⅱ、Reflection
But all of them are vulnerable and all of them are tense. They are driven by a compulsion to put some part of themselves on paper, and yet they don't just write what comes naturally. They sit down to commit an act of literature, and the self who emerges on paper is far stiffer than the person who sat down to write. The problem is to find the real man or woman behind the tension.
Ultimately the product that any writer has to sell is not the subject being written about, but who he or she is. I often find myself readingwith interest about a topic I never thought would interest me—some scientific quest, perhaps. What holds me is the enthusiasm of the writer for his field. How was he drawn into it? What emotional baggage did he bring along? How did it change his life? It's not necessaryto want to spend a year alone at Walden Pond to become involvedwith a writer who did.
This is the personal transaction that's at the heart of good nonfiction writing. Out of it come two of the most important qualities that this book will go in search of: humanity and warmth. Good writing has an aliveness that keeps the reader reading from one paragraph to the next, and it's not a question of gimmicks to "personalize" the author. It s a question of using the English language in a way that will achieve the greatest clarity and strength.
但所有人都敏感，都紧张。他们受难以抗拒的力量驱使，将自己的某些部分付诸笔端，但他们并不是什么出来就自然地写什么。他们是坐下来从事一种文字工作，出现在纸上的自我大不如坐下来写作的自我那么放松。问题是要发现紧张之下的真正自我。
最终，任何作家要销售的产品并非所写的东西，而是自我。我经常发现自己饶有兴趣地阅读从未想过会有兴趣的话题——也许是某种科学探索。吸引我的是作家对自己领域的热忱。他是如何被吸引进这一领域的？他对此负载的情感是什么？他的生活因此是如何改变的？要了解一位曾在瓦尔登湖独处的作家，并不需要自己也去瓦尔登湖独处一年。
这是一种个人交往，它是好的非虚构写作的核心。本书将探讨基于此种交往而产生的两项最重要的特点：人文与温情。好的写作具有一种吸引读者一段接一段读下去的生气，而这并不是什么使作者“个性化”的把戏问题。这是如何运用语言创造出最大限度清晰度和力度的问题。
But the secret of good writing is to strip every sentence to its cleanest components. Everyword that serves no function, every long word that could be a short word, every adverb that carries the same meaning that's already in the verb, every passive construction that leaves the reader unsure of who is doing what—these are the thousand and one adulterants that weaken the strength of a sentence. And they usually occur in proportion to education and rank.
但是好的写作的秘诀就是剥离每一句话中的杂物，只存留其最洁净的部分。每一个无用之词、每一个可短的长词、每一个在动词中已经表示其相同意思的副词、每一个使读者不知谁在干什么的被动语态结构——这些都是削弱句子力度的成千上万种掺杂物。而且这些通常与教育程度和官衔大小成正比。
写作其实是传达出一个做热忱的自我，如何通过最简洁的文字传递最深切的情感，这就需要写作时的紧张。这样想来，如何将热情诉诸笔端并有序、简洁地表达出来需要不断地训练。表达情感有时候也需要功底。如何让读者准确无误地感受到你传达出的情感，更是需要你用词的干净、无误。
