04 openEuler UKUI 桌面环境的安装和使用
04 openEuler UKUI 桌面环境的安装和使用4.1 UKUI简介4.2 UKUI安装方法4.2.1 更新软件源4.2.2 安装UKUI4.2.3 设置图形界面启动4.2.4 重启生效4.3 UKUI图形界面
本文介绍常用的 openEuler UKUI 桌面环境的安装和使用方法，它提供美观易用、安全可靠的图形化操作界面，给用户带来更好的体验。
4.1 UKUI简介
UKUI是麒麟软件团队历经多年打造的一款 Linux 桌面，主要基于 GTK 和 QT 开发。与其它 UI 界面相比，UKUI 更加注重易用性和敏捷度，各元件相依性小，可以不依赖其它套件而独自运行，给用户带来亲切和高效的使用体验。
UKUI支持x86_64和aarch64两种架构。
前提：下载openEuler ISO镜像并已安装系统。
4.2 UKUI安装方法
4.2.1 更新软件源
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n11" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf update</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n13" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@scfuture-21 ~]# dnf update
Last metadata expiration check: 0:45:19 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 10时39分32秒.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================
Upgrading:
NetworkManager x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 2.2 M
NetworkManager-config-server noarch 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 12 k
NetworkManager-libnm x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 1.6 M
acl x86_64 2.3.1-2.oe2203 update 51 k
atk x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203 update 262 k
atk-devel x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203 update 196 k
augeas x86_64 1.13.0-3.oe2203 update 376 k
authselect x86_64 1.2.4-6.oe2203 update 189 k
bash x86_64 5.1.8-6.oe2203 update 1.2 M
bc x86_64 1.07.1-11.oe2203 update 89 k
bind-libs x86_64 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 1.2 M
bind-license noarch 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 18 k
bind-utils x86_64 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 178 k
bluez-libs x86_64 5.54-15.oe2203
Downloading Packages:
(1/260): duktape-2.6.0-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 680 kB/s | 143 kB 00:00
(2/260): elfutils-extra-0.185-13.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 389 kB/s | 227 kB 00:00
(3/260): grub2-tools-efi-2.06-15.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 755 kB/s | 463 kB 00:00
(4/260): NetworkManager-config-server-1.32.12-12.oe2203.noarch.rpm 241 kB/s | 12 kB 00:00
(5/260): NetworkManager-1.32.12-12.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 8.9 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00
(6/260): acl-2.3.1-2.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 1.0 MB/s | 51 kB 00:00
(7/260): atk-2.36.0-2.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 3.7 MB/s | 262 kB 00:00
(8/260): atk-devel-2.36.0-2.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 3.1 MB/s | 196 kB 00:00
(9/260): augeas-1.13.0-3.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 4.6 MB/s | 376 kB 00:00
(10/260): authselect-1.2.4-6.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 3.5 MB/s | 189 kB 00:00
(11/260): bash-5.1.8-6.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 12 MB/s | 1.2 MB 00:00
(12/260): NetworkManager-libnm-1.32.12-12.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 2.5 MB/s | 1.6 MB 00:00
(13/260): bc-1.07.1-11.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 89 kB 00:00
.
.
.
vim-minimal-2:9.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
wayland-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64 wayland-devel-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64 words-3.0-33.oe2203.noarch
xz-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
xz-devel-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64 xz-libs-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
yajl-2.1.0-18.oe2203.x86_64
yum-4.10.0-7.oe2203.noarch
zlib-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64
zlib-devel-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64
Installed:
duktape-2.6.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 elfutils-extra-0.185-13.oe2203.x86_64 grub2-tools-efi-1:2.06-15.oe2203.x86_64
kernel-5.10.0-60.68.0.93.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# </pre>
4.2.2 安装UKUI
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n15" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf install ukui -y</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n17" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@scfuture-21 ~]# dnf install ukui
Last metadata expiration check: 0:59:17 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 10时39分32秒.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
ukui noarch 2.0.2-14.oe1 EPOL 12 k
Installing dependencies:
GeoIP x86_64 1.6.12-6.oe2203 OS 106 k
GeoIP-GeoLite-data noarch 2018.06-4.oe2203 update 26 M
LibRaw x86_64 0.20.2-5.oe2203 everything 356 k
PackageKit-devel x86_64 1.1.12-10.oe2203 OS 103 k
SDL2 x86_64 2.0.12-4.oe2203 update 464 k
SDL2-devel x86_64 2.0.12-4.oe2203 update 266 k
accountsservice x86_64 0.6.55-1.oe2203 OS 113 k
adobe-mappings-cmap noarch 20190730-3.oe2203 OS 15 k
adobe-mappings-cmap-lang noarch 20190730-3.oe2203 OS 2.5 M
adobe-mappings-pdf noarch 20190401-2.oe2203
.
.
.
xorg-x11-drv-qxl-0.1.5-14.oe2203.x86_64 xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy-1.9.1-3.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-v4l-0.3.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-vesa-2.5.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-vmware-13.3.0-2.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-drv-wacom-0.40.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-font-utils-1:7.5-43.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-fonts-7.5-24.oe2203.noarch xorg-x11-server-1.20.11-4.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-29.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-utils-7.5-31.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xvidcore-1.3.7-1.oe2203.x86_64
yelp-tools-3.38.0-1.oe2203.noarch yelp-xsl-3.38.3-1.oe2203.noarch
zenity-3.41.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
zimg-2.9.3-2.oe2203.x86_64
zvbi-0.2.35-7.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# </pre>
4.2.3 设置图形界面启动
在确认正常安装后，如果希望以图形界面的方式启动，请在命令行运行以下代码
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n20" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl set-default graphical.target</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n22" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@scfuture-21 ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# </pre>
4.2.4 重启生效
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n24" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># reboot</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n26" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@scfuture-21 ~]# reboot
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#</pre>
4.3 UKUI图形界面
