一、概念
生产者-消费者模式是多线程并发协作的经典模式。所谓的生产者-消费者问题，实际上包含两类的线程， 一种是生产者线程用于生产数据，另外一种的消费者线程用于消费数据。为了解耦生产者和消费者之间的关系，通常采用共享内存的方式(共享数据区域)。生产者只需要把生产的数据放到共享数据区域，而不需要关心消费者的行为。消费者只需要到共享数据区域取数据，而不需要关心生产者的行为。共享数据区域应该要具备以下线程并发协作的功能。
- 如果共享数据区域满了，阻塞生产者继续生产数据放入其中。
- 如果共享数据区域空了，阻塞消费者继续消费数据。
在JAVA中，实现生产者消费者问题，可以采用以下三种方式。
- 使用Object的wait/notify的消息通知机制；
- 使用Lock的Condition的await和signal的消息通知机制。
- 使用BlockingQueue实现。
二、wait/notify的消息通知机制
wait/notifyAll实现生产者-消费者：
public class ProductorConsumer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList linkedList = new LinkedList();
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(15);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
service.submit(new Productor(linkedList, 8));
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
service.submit(new Consumer(linkedList));
}
}
static class Productor implements Runnable {
private List<Integer> list;
private int maxLength;
public Productor(List list, int maxLength) {
this.list = list;
this.maxLength = maxLength;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
synchronized (list) {
try {
while (list.size() == maxLength) {
System.out.println("生产者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " list以达到最大容量，进行wait");
list.wait();
System.out.println("生产者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 退出wait");
}
Random random = new Random();
int i = random.nextInt();
System.out.println("生产者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 生产数据" + i);
list.add(i);
list.notifyAll();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
static class Consumer implements Runnable {
private List<Integer> list;
public Consumer(List list) {
this.list = list;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
synchronized (list) {
try {
while (list.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " list为空，进行wait");
list.wait();
System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 退出wait");
}
Integer element = list.remove(0);
System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 消费数据：" + element);
list.notifyAll();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
三、await/signalAll
使用Lock中Condition的await/signalAll实现生产者-消费者
public class ProductorConsumer {
private static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private static Condition full = lock.newCondition();
private static Condition empty = lock.newCondition();
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList linkedList = new LinkedList();
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(15);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
service.submit(new Productor(linkedList, 8, lock));
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
service.submit(new Consumer(linkedList, lock));
}
}
static class Productor implements Runnable {
private List<Integer> list;
private int maxLength;
private Lock lock;
public Productor(List list, int maxLength, Lock lock) {
this.list = list;
this.maxLength = maxLength;
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
lock.lock();
try {
while (list.size() == maxLength) {
System.out.println("生产者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " list以达到最大容量，进行wait");
full.await();
System.out.println("生产者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 退出wait");
}
Random random = new Random();
int i = random.nextInt();
System.out.println("生产者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 生产数据" + i);
list.add(i);
empty.signalAll();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
static class Consumer implements Runnable {
private List<Integer> list;
private Lock lock;
public Consumer(List list, Lock lock) {
this.list = list;
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
lock.lock();
try {
while (list.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " list为空，进行wait");
empty.await();
System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 退出wait");
}
Integer element = list.remove(0);
System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 消费数据：" + element);
full.signalAll();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
}
四、BlockingQueue
使用BlockingQueue实现生产者-消费者
public class ProductorConsumer {
private static LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(15);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
service.submit(new Productor(queue));
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
service.submit(new Consumer(queue));
}
}
static class Productor implements Runnable {
private BlockingQueue queue;
public Productor(BlockingQueue queue) {
this.queue = queue;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
Random random = new Random();
int i = random.nextInt();
System.out.println("生产者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "生产数据" + i);
queue.put(i);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
static class Consumer implements Runnable {
private BlockingQueue queue;
public Consumer(BlockingQueue queue) {
this.queue = queue;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
Integer element = (Integer) queue.take();
System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在消费数据" + element);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
