发现 conclude 有“完成”的意思,所以比较了一下这些近义词:
- Conclude(结束;文章、电视剧的结束等等,也有总结陈词的意思)
- Accomplish(实现;完成一个任务并且取得了一些成就)
- Complete(完成;感觉针对相对复杂/长一点任务)
- Finish(完成;感觉针对相对简单/快一点任务)
- Achieve(达成,一般用在相对较学术的领域)
Complete 和 Finish 比较纯粹就是“完成”的意思,Accomplish 有成就这个层面“完成”的意思,Conclude 则有“定罪”,“决定”,“达成(条约/结盟)”的意思,含有某种关系层面的“完成”含义。
这个故事太有名了,需要贴一下:
The director of the conference issued this challenge: "Some say there is no difference between the words** complete** and finished. Please explain the difference between complete and finished in a way that is easy to understand."
This was the man's astute answer: "When you marry the right woman, you are COMPLETE. But, when you marry the wrong woman, you are FINISHED. And when the right one catches you with the wrong one, you are COMPLETELY FINISHED!"
在英语里面经常遇到 vs 这个词,没有想到居然是一个拉丁单词的简写:
Versus, often abbreviated v., v, vs., or vs, is a Latin word meaning 'against'.
研究了一下爱尔兰共和军:
The Irish Republican Army (1917–22) (in later years, known as the "Old" IRA), recognised by the First Dáil as the legitimate army of the Irish Republic in April 1921, split into pro-Treaty forces (the National Army, also known as the Government forces or the Regulars) and anti-Treaty forces (the Republicans, Irregulars or Executive forces) after the Treaty.
The Irish Republican Army (1922–69) – the anti-treaty IRA which fought and lost the civil war and which thereafter refused to recognise either the Irish Free State or Northern Ireland, deeming them both to be creations of British imperialism. It existed in one form or another for over 40 years before splitting in 1969.
The Official IRA (OIRA), the remainder of the IRA after the 1969 split with the Provisionals; was primarily Marxist in its political orientation. It is now inactive in the military sense, while its political wing, Official Sinn Féin, became the Workers' Party of Ireland.
The Provisional IRA (PIRA) broke from the OIRA in 1969 over how to deal with the increasing violence in Northern Ireland. Although opposed to the OIRA's Marxism, it came to develop a left-wing orientation and increasing political activity.
The Continuity IRA (CIRA), broke from the PIRA in 1986, because the latter ended its policy on abstentionism (thus recognising the authority of the Republic of Ireland).
The Real IRA (RIRA), a 1997 breakaway from the PIRA consisting of members opposed to the Northern Ireland peace process.
整个爱尔兰共和军运动开始于1921年爱尔兰独立的《Anglo-Irish Treaty》[1](爱尔兰大部分独立,),结束于1998年的《Good Friday Agreement》[2],北爱尔兰只有英国人口的3%(180W人口),爱尔兰共和军拉着名族主义的旗号用恐怖袭击反对英国的殖民统治,后来不断分裂直到差不多彻底消失。
Although the British Government of the day had, since 1914, desired home rule for the whole of Ireland, the British Parliament believed that it could not possibly grant complete independence to all of Ireland in 1921 without provoking huge sectarian violence between overwhelmingly Protestant Irish Unionists and overwhelmingly Catholic Irish Nationalists. At the time, although there were Unionists throughout the country, they were concentrated in the north-east and their parliament first sat on 7 June 1921. An uprising by them against home rule would have been an insurrection against the "mother county" as well as a civil war in Ireland. (See Ulster Volunteers). Dominion status for 26 counties, with partition for the six counties that the Unionists felt they could comfortably control, seemed the best compromise possible at the time.
1981年爱尔兰共和军在 Maze 监狱的绝食运动非常的知名,前后有10人饿死:
hunger strike took place in 1981 and was a showdown between the prisoners and the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher. One hunger striker, Bobby Sands, was elected as a Member of Parliament during the strike, prompting media interest from around the world. The strike was called off after ten prisoners had starved themselves to death—including Sands, whose funeral was attended by 100,000 people. The strike radicalised Irish nationalist politics, and was the driving force that enabled Sinn Féin to become a mainstream political party.
Thatcher 在下院以及其他场合的发言也非常的“铁娘子”:
We are not prepared to consider special category status for certain groups of people serving sentences for crime. Crime is crime is crime, it is not political
Faced with the failure of their discredited cause, the men of violence have chosen to play what may well be their last card.
would encourage further blackmail and support for terrorism[^Thatcher]
[^Thatcher]: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4941866.stm