Centos7采用rpm方式体验安装oracle19c

一、环境准备

  • 预安装包获取：https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/index.html
    也可以直接：wget https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm。
    然后再安装：
 rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  • 下载数据库安装包：
    下载地址：https://www.oracle.com/cn/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html

二、安装介绍

  • 安装预依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm >yes.txt
warning: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
        bind-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        compat-libcap1 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        compat-libstdc++-33 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        glibc-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        ksh is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        libaio-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        libstdc++-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        net-tools is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        nfs-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        psmisc is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        smartmontools is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        sysstat is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        unzip is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        xorg-x11-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        xorg-x11-xauth is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64

把上述文字复制到Notepad++编辑器中，首先利用查找替换把“is needed”替换称几个空格，目的是为了方便列编辑。替换好后，按住alt键鼠标列选取并编辑，形成如下的安装依赖指令。

yum install -y bind-utils         
yum install -y compat-libcap1     
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33
yum install -y glibc-devel        
yum install -y ksh                
yum install -y libaio-devel       
yum install -y libstdc++-devel    
yum install -y net-tools          
yum install -y nfs-utils          
yum install -y psmisc             
yum install -y smartmontools      
yum install -y sysstat            
yum install -y unzip              
yum install -y xorg-x11-utils     
yum install -y xorg-x11-xauth
  • 安装数据库包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
warning: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1     ################################# [100%]
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
[root@localhost ~]#

接下来按照提示：

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c --help
Usage: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c {start|stop|restart|configure|delete}
[root@localhost ~]#

那么用root用户执行安装命令，一路默认即可

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

示例：

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
Configuring Oracle Database ORCLCDB.
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Copying database files
31% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
32% complete
36% complete
40% complete
43% complete
46% complete
Completing Database Creation
51% complete
54% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
58% complete
77% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:ORCLCDB
System Identifier(SID):ORCLCDB
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log" for further details.

Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.
[root@localhost ~]#

到这里，其实数据库已经安装好了。

三、使用介绍

  • 设置环境变量
    登录root用户，vim /home/oracle/.bashrc 
# Oracle相关环境配置
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_BASE}/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID
export PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:/user/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# 设置和服务器一样的编码
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"
 
# 配置地区语言时间
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
 
# 设置sqlplus可以使用回退等
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
alias lsnrctl='rlwrap lsnrctl'

立即生效：source vim /home/oracle/.bashrc

  • 安装rlwrap使用方向键
    采用RPM安装或者源码安装
https://www.rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=rlwrap

这里采用源码安装：
使用root用户登录

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/macports/distfiles/rlwrap/rlwrap-0.46.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf rlwrap-0.46.1.tar.gz
cd rlwrap-0.46.1
autoreconf --install 
./configure
make && make install && make clean
  • 切换oracle 用户登录
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
[root@localhost ~]#

采用rpm安装的方式，默认给我们安装了oracle 用户和进行了一些列的配置

su - oracle 
sqlplus /nolog
conn sys as sysdba;

示例：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Jun 1 18:51:08 2025
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys as sysdba;
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> select 'x' from dual;

'
-
x

SQL>

到这里，就表示已经安装好，可以用了。

  • 开机启动
    在/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件中添加启动命令。
    vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
su root -lc '/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c start'

这里需要注意的是该文件需要添加执行权限才能使用。

chmod 750 /etc/rc.d/rc.local

重启reboot之后，查看一下状态

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Sun Jun  1 19:06:41 CST 2025
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 01-JUN-2025 19:07:07

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                01-JUN-2025 19:06:41
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 25 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/admin/ORCLCDB/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "3680bf68299c2859e065000000000001" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLCDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLCDBXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@localhost ~]$

然后登录看看是否正常：

SQL> conn sys as sysdba;
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> select username from dba_users where account_status='OPEN';

USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYS
SYSTEM

SQL>

至此，就表示已经完全搭建好了。

  • 创建演示用户
    由于使用了容器，因此要加上c##来创建，加上alter session set "_ORACLE_SCRIPT"=true;就可以不使用前缀也可以了。
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Jun 1 19:18:55 2025
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys as sysdba;
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> create user c##scott identified by tiger;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to c##scott container=all;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> alter user c##scott default tablespace users;

User altered.

SQL> alter user c##scott temporary tablespace temp;

User altered.

SQL> connect c##scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> show user
USER is "C##SCOTT"
SQL>

连接到 数据库=> 帐号：c##scott，密码为:tiger
连接成功后新建查询并执行如下sql

CREATE TABLE DEPT
       (DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY,
    DNAME VARCHAR2(14) ,
    LOC VARCHAR2(13) ) ;
CREATE TABLE EMP
       (EMPNO NUMBER(4) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY,
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
    MGR NUMBER(4),
    HIREDATE DATE,
    SAL NUMBER(7,2),
    COMM NUMBER(7,2),
    DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT FK_DEPTNO REFERENCES DEPT);
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (30,'SALES','CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,to_date('17-12-1980','dd-mm-yyyy'),800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('20-2-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('22-2-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,to_date('2-4-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('28-9-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,to_date('1-5-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,to_date('9-6-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,to_date('13-JUL-87','dd-mm-rr')-85,3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,to_date('17-11-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('8-9-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,to_date('13-JUL-87', 'dd-mm-rr')-51,1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,to_date('23-1-1982','dd-mm-yyyy'),1300,NULL,10);
CREATE TABLE BONUS
    (
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10)  ,
    JOB VARCHAR2(9)  ,
    SAL NUMBER,
    COMM NUMBER
    ) ;
CREATE TABLE SALGRADE
      ( GRADE NUMBER,
    LOSAL NUMBER,
    HISAL NUMBER );
    
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (1,700,1200);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (2,1201,1400);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (3,1401,2000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (4,2001,3000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (5,3001,9999);
COMMIT;

查看一下，已经安装好了。

SQL> set linesize 200 pagesize 1000;
SQL>
SQL> select * from emp;

     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00        800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00       1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00       1250        500         30
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00       2975                    20
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00       1250       1400         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00       2850                    30
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00       2450                    10
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00       3000                    20
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            1981-11-17 00:00:00       5000                    10
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00       1500          0         30
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00       1100                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00        950                    30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00       3000                    20
      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300                    10

14 rows selected.

SQL>

至此，19C已经全部搭建好，并建立了演示用户及数据。

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