除了写法以外, ES5 的继承 和ES6的继承有什么区别?

1. class声明会提升, 但不会初始化赋值. 类似于let, const声明变量进入暂时性死区

const bar = new Bar(); // it's ok
function Bar() {
  this.bar = 42;
}

const foo = new Foo(); // ReferenceError: Foo is not defined
class Foo {
  constructor() {
    this.foo = 42;
  }
}

2. class声明内部会启用严格模式

// 引用一个未声明的变量
function Bar() {
  baz = 42; // it's ok
}
const bar = new Bar();

class Foo {
  constructor() {
    fol = 42; // ReferenceError: fol is not defined
  }
}
const foo = new Foo();

3. class的所有方法(包括静态方法和实例方法)都是不可枚举的

// 引用一个未声明的变量
function Bar() {
  this.bar = 42;
}
Bar.answer = function() {
  return 42;
};
Bar.prototype.print = function() {
  console.log(this.bar);
};
const barKeys = Object.keys(Bar); // ['answer']
const barProtoKeys = Object.keys(Bar.prototype); // ['print']

class Foo {
  constructor() {
    this.foo = 42;
  }
  static answer() {
    return 42;
  }
  print() {
    console.log(this.foo);
  }
}
const fooKeys = Object.keys(Foo); // []
const fooProtoKeys = Object.keys(Foo.prototype); // []

4. class的所有方法(包括静态方法和实例方法)都没有原型对象prototype, 也没有[[construct]], 不能使用new来调用

function Bar() {
  this.bar = 42;
}
Bar.prototype.print = function() {
  console.log(this.bar);
};

const bar = new Bar();
const barPrint = new bar.print(); // it's ok

class Foo {
  constructor() {
    this.foo = 42;
  }
  print() {
    console.log(this.foo);
  }
}
const foo = new Foo();
const fooPrint = new foo.print(); // TypeError: foo.print is not a constructor

5. 必须使用new来调用class

function Bar() {
  this.bar = 42;
}
const bar = Bar(); // it's ok

class Foo {
  constructor() {
    this.foo = 42;
  }
}
const foo = Foo(); // TypeError: Class constructor Foo cannot be invoked without 'new'

6. class内部无法重写类名

function Bar() {
  Bar = 'Baz'; // it's ok
  this.bar = 42;
}
const bar = new Bar();
// Bar: 'Baz'
// bar: Bar {bar: 42}  

class Foo {
  constructor() {
    this.foo = 42;
    Foo = 'Fol'; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable
  }
}
const foo = new Foo();
Foo = 'Fol'; // it's ok

7. 子类可以直接通过__proto__寻找父类, 而通过ES5的方式, Sub.__proto__ === Function.prototype

class Super {}
class Sub extends Super {}

const sub = new Sub();

Sub.__proto__ === Super;

 -------------------------------------------------

function Super() {}
function Sub() {}

Sub.prototype = new Super();
Sub.prototype.constructor = Sub;

var sub = new Sub();

Sub.__proto__ === Function.prototype;

8. ES5 和 ES6 子类 this 生成顺序不同。ES5 的继承先生成了子类实例，再调用父类的构造函数修饰子类实例，ES6 的继承先生成父类实例，再调用子类的构造函数修饰父类实例。这个差别使得 ES6 可以继承内置对象。

function MyES5Array() {
  Array.call(this, arguments);
}

// it's useless
const arrayES5 = new MyES5Array(3); // arrayES5: MyES5Array {}

class MyES6Array extends Array {}

// it's ok
const arrayES6 = new MyES6Array(3); // arrayES6: MyES6Array(3) []