在上一次的代词分享中,我们辨析了四组常见不定代词的用法,今天我们紧接着上节课的内容,继续学习不定代词的用法。
Group 5: no & none
1. no = not any , 表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语。
She has no ( = not any ) brothers. (定语)
There is no ( = not any ) bread on the plate. (定语)
2. none 代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。none 还可在句中作宾语。
None of the girls in our class like (likes) football. (主语)
— Is there any coffee?
— No, there is none.
I know none of them. (宾语)
注:none既可指人也可指物,no one只能指人。
No one likes to make friends with her.
Group 6: every & each
1. every 表示“每个”,指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能作定语。
Every student in our class has a English dictionary. 我们班每个学生有一本英语词典。(定语,强调班上所有的人)
2. each“每个”,指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。
Each student in our class has a English dictionary. 每个学生都有一本英语词典。(定语,强调各个个体)
Each of them has been to there. (主语)
The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook. (宾语)
We each got a ticket. (同位语)
Group 7: either & neither
1. either 是“两者中任一”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词,在句中作主语、宾语和定语。
Here are two pencils. You can take either of them. 这里有两支铅笔,你可以随便拿一支。(宾语)
— Which di yoy prefer, tea or coffee?
— Either will do. 随便哪样都行。(主语)
There are trees on either side of the street. (定语)
注1:either 也作副词,其意为“也”,用于否定句,置于句末。
He doesn't like tea, and I don't, either. 他不喜欢茶,我也不喜欢。(状语)
注2:either 可与or构成连词,意为“不是…就是…”或“要么…要么…”。
He is either Japanese or Chinese. 他不是日本人就是中国人。
Either you or he is a student. 要么你是学生,要么他是学生。
2. neither 是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词,在句中作主语、宾语和定语。
Neither of them knows it. (主语)
Neither can be neglected. 两者不可偏废。(主语)
Neither boy knows French. (定语)
At first, neither man could speak.
起初,两个人都不会说。(定语)
注1:neither 作副词,其意为“也不”,即“not … either”。
He can't speak German, neither can I.
注2:neither 可与nor 构成连词,意为“既不……也不……”。
Neither he nor you are a student. 他不是学生,你也不是学生。
Group 8: other & another
1. the other 表示“两者中的另一个”
the other + 复数可数名词表示“其余的……”
others,other + 复数名词泛指“其他的人或物”
以上这些词在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。
She got two books, one is a textbook, the other is a novel.
Some of the pencils are blue, the others (the other pens) are green.
Some are singing, others are dancing.
2. another 修饰或代替单数可数名词,表示“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”,不能指两者中的另一个,在句中可作宾语和定语。
This coat is too loose, please show me another. (宾语)
Please give me another book. (定语)
注1:another修饰复数可数名词时,意为“再、又”。
Please give me another ten minutes.
注2:one … another …意为“一个……一个……一个……一个……”,用于三者或三者以上的排列。
There are four cars in the yard, one is red, another is yellow, a third is blue, and the other is black .
注3:some … others … others… 意为“一些……一些……一些……”
There are plenty of beautiful flowers in the garden. Some are red, others are yellow, and still others are white.