最近准备入深度学习的坑，作为机器学习小白，决定还是从流行的Google的开源机器学习框架Tensorflow入手。Tensorflow原本只支持linux和mac OS, 但是最近Google宣布支持Windows系统。由于本人天生懒散，决定不去折腾ubuntu,一把跳进win10装Tensorflow的大坑（都是泪）。本文目的在于记录自己在win10下安装Tensorflow的历程。好了废话不多说，直接进入正题。
以下是win10配置Tensorflow所需要的工具和软件包：
- Rapid Environment Editor（环境变量编辑器）：鉴于后面的安装过程需要修改很多环境变量，所以最好安装一下它，会方便许多。
- Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Community Edition: 用于其 C/C++编译器（而不是 IDE）和 SDK，选择该确定的版本是因为它是 CUDA 8.0.61 所支持的 Windows 编译器。
- Anaconda3 (64-bit) + Python 3.6 (Anaconda3-4.4.0)： anaconda指的是一个开源的Python发行版本，其包含了conda、Python等180多个科学包及其依赖项，是一个优秀的集成开发环境。（python3.6也是最近才支持的）
- cuda_8.0.44（64bit）: CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture)，是显卡厂商NVIDIA 推出的通用并行计算架构，该架构使GPU能够解决复杂的计算问题。在深度学习中我们需要GPU的并行计算能力来加速深度学习算法。
- cudnn_8.0(64bit): 用来进一步加速深度神经网络的计算。
- DXSDK_Jun10.exe: 微软的DirectX SDK工具包，不安装它的话，后面编译CUDA_Samples是没法成功的。
配置Tensorflow参考的一些文档和网站：
- Tensorflow的Github项目地址： https://github.com/tensorflow
- Tensorflow官方网站： https://www.tensorflow.org
- Tensorflow中文社区：http://www.tensorfly.cn
- Phil Ferriere 在 GitHub 上发布的教程： https://github.com/philferriere/dlwin
- 此外我还查找了大量的博客以及StackOverFlow上的问答，在此就不一一列举了。
安装Rapid Environment Editor
下载网址：https://www.rapidee.com/en/download。
安装完成后，默认界面是英文的，到设置里面改为中文。启动的时候，设置管理员启动吧，不然没法更改系统环境变量。
安装CUDA
1. 安装VS2015
下载地址：
https://www.visualstudio.com/zh-hans/vs/older-downloads/
我安装的是Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Community Edition，不用花钱。安装过程就不赘述了，只需要装Visual C++就行。顺便说一句，Tensorflow貌似目前还不支持VS2017，读者要注意一下。
2. 安装DXSDK_Jun10.exe
下载地址：
https://pan.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=197164616&uk=369246564&fid=2918892502
安装过程很简单，无需多言。
3. 安装 CUDA
下载地址：https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive
3.1 编译示例程序
CUDA的示例程序在 C:\ProgramData\NVIDIA Corporation\CUDA Samples\v8.0 文件夹下。VS2015则打开Samples_vs2015.sln，注意把解决方案配置更改为Release和x64。
编译整个解决方案，正常情况下是顺利生成成功，如下图：
3.2 最终检查安装是否正确
在C:\ProgramData\NVIDIA Corporation\CUDA Samples\v8.0\bin\win64\Release目录下找到deviceQuery.exe文件。打开命令提示符cmd窗口，切换到到C:\ProgramData\NVIDIA Corporation\CUDA Samples\v8.0\bin\win64\Release目录，输入：deviceQuery.exe ，然后回车。得到如下结果：
只有得到如上图所示的结果才说明CUDA安装成功。
安装 Anaconda
下载地址 https://www.anaconda.com/download/，注意选择Python 3.6 version，64-Bit Graphical Installer。安装完成后即可得到集成Python3.6的科学计算环境。安装过程不复杂，唯一要注意的点是在Advanced Installation Options中要把Add Anaconda to system PATH enviroment variable选上。
安装 Tensorflow
如下图在开始菜单栏找到Anaconda Prompt：
打开Anaconda Prompt，输入
pip install tensorflow-gpu
回车，等待一段时间，GPU版tensorflow就下载好啦！不过别着急，要能正常使用GPU加速功能，还有cudnn需要安装。
安装cudnn
下载地址：
https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn
这个很简单，下载后直接解压缩。加压后是cuda文件夹，里面有三个文件夹bin, include, lib。把这三个文件夹的文件复制到到安装CUDA的地方覆盖对应文件夹，默认文件夹在：C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0。
安装DXSDK_Jun10.exe
下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=197164616&uk=369246564&fid=2918892502
下载后直接安装即可。
测试tensorflow安装是否正确
打开Anaconda Prompt，输入 python打开python环境，然后输入以下代码：
import tensorflow as tf
sess = tf.Session()
a = tf.constant(10)
b = tf.constant(22)
print(sess.run(a + b))
不报错，输出结果为32，说明安装成功。
注意输入sess = tf.Session()回车后出现下图结果说明gpu版Tensorflow安装成功，正在使用GPU加速。
可能出现的bug及其解决方案
缺少dll文件
import tensorflow报错，错误如图所示。
新建python文件t.py, 代码如下所示。运行该文件，根据输出结果修正错误。
import ctypes
import imp
import sys
def main():
try:
import tensorflow as tf
print("TensorFlow successfully installed.")
if tf.test.is_built_with_cuda():
print("The installed version of TensorFlow includes GPU support.")
else:
print("The installed version of TensorFlow does not include GPU support.")
sys.exit(0)
except ImportError:
print("ERROR: Failed to import the TensorFlow module.")
candidate_explanation = False
python_version = sys.version_info.major, sys.version_info.minor
print("\n- Python version is %d.%d." % python_version)
if not (python_version == (3, 5) or python_version == (3, 6)):
candidate_explanation = True
print("- The official distribution of TensorFlow for Windows requires "
"Python version 3.5 or 3.6.")
try:
_, pathname, _ = imp.find_module("tensorflow")
print("\n- TensorFlow is installed at: %s" % pathname)
except ImportError:
candidate_explanation = False
print("""
- No module named TensorFlow is installed in this Python environment. You may
install it using the command `pip install tensorflow`.""")
try:
msvcp140 = ctypes.WinDLL("msvcp140.dll")
except OSError:
candidate_explanation = True
print("""
- Could not load 'msvcp140.dll'. TensorFlow requires that this DLL be
installed in a directory that is named in your %PATH% environment
variable. You may install this DLL by downloading Microsoft Visual
C++ 2015 Redistributable Update 3 from this URL:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=53587""")
try:
cudart64_80 = ctypes.WinDLL("cudart64_80.dll")
except OSError:
candidate_explanation = True
print("""
- Could not load 'cudart64_80.dll'. The GPU version of TensorFlow
requires that this DLL be installed in a directory that is named in
your %PATH% environment variable. Download and install CUDA 8.0 from
this URL: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit""")
try:
nvcuda = ctypes.WinDLL("nvcuda.dll")
except OSError:
candidate_explanation = True
print("""
- Could not load 'nvcuda.dll'. The GPU version of TensorFlow requires that
this DLL be installed in a directory that is named in your %PATH%
environment variable. Typically it is installed in 'C:\Windows\System32'.
If it is not present, ensure that you have a CUDA-capable GPU with the
correct driver installed.""")
cudnn5_found = False
try:
cudnn5 = ctypes.WinDLL("cudnn64_5.dll")
cudnn5_found = True
except OSError:
candidate_explanation = True
print("""
- Could not load 'cudnn64_5.dll'. The GPU version of TensorFlow
requires that this DLL be installed in a directory that is named in
your %PATH% environment variable. Note that installing cuDNN is a
separate step from installing CUDA, and it is often found in a
different directory from the CUDA DLLs. You may install the
necessary DLL by downloading cuDNN 5.1 from this URL:
https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn""")
cudnn6_found = False
try:
cudnn = ctypes.WinDLL("cudnn64_6.dll")
cudnn6_found = True
except OSError:
candidate_explanation = True
if not cudnn5_found or not cudnn6_found:
print()
if not cudnn5_found and not cudnn6_found:
print("- Could not find cuDNN.")
elif not cudnn5_found:
print("- Could not find cuDNN 5.1.")
else:
print("- Could not find cuDNN 6.")
print("""
The GPU version of TensorFlow requires that the correct cuDNN DLL be installed
in a directory that is named in your %PATH% environment variable. Note that
installing cuDNN is a separate step from installing CUDA, and it is often
found in a different directory from the CUDA DLLs. The correct version of
cuDNN depends on your version of TensorFlow:
* TensorFlow 1.2.1 or earlier requires cuDNN 5.1. ('cudnn64_5.dll')
* TensorFlow 1.3 or later requires cuDNN 6. ('cudnn64_6.dll')
You may install the necessary DLL by downloading cuDNN from this URL:
https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn""")
if not candidate_explanation:
print("""
- All required DLLs appear to be present. Please open an issue on the
TensorFlow GitHub page: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues""")
sys.exit(-1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
