1、设置栏目
（1）创建文章管理应用
$ python manage.py startapp article
（2）将应用加入到./mysite/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...,
'article',
]
（3）设置栏目的数据类型
编辑./article/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class ArticleColumn(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE,related_name='article_column')
column = models.CharField(max_length=200)
created = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.column
进行数据迁移操作：
$ python manage.py makemigrations
$ python manage.py migrate
（4）设置表单类
即为上表中的colunm赋值，所以创建./article/forms.py
from django import forms
from .models import ArticleColumn
class ArticleColumnForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = ArticleColumn
fields = ("column",)
（5）创建视图函数
编辑./article/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from .models import ArticleColumn
@login_required(login_url='/account/login/')
def article_column(request):
columns = ArticleColumn.objects.filter(user=request.user)
return render(request, "article/column/article_column.html", {"columns":columns})
（6）配置URL
- 配置./mysite/urls.py
path('article/', include('article.urls', namespace='article')),
- 配置./aiticle/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = "article"
urlpatterns = [
path('article-column/', views.article_column, name="article_column"),
]
（7）前端模板
类似于后台，其中的header.html和footer.html使用./templates下面的即可， 另外需要添加leftslider.html（左边栏）、base.html以及前端展示模板./article/column/article_column.html三个文件。
- leftslider.html
<div class="bg-info">
<div class="text-center" style="margin-top: 5px;">
<p><a href="{% url 'article:article_column'%}">栏目管理</a></p>
</div>
</div>
- base.html
{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/bootstrap.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
{% include 'header.html' %}
<div class="col-md-2">
{% include 'article/leftslider.html' %}
</div>
<div class="col-md-10">
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
</div>
{% include 'footer.html' %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
- 前端展示模板./article/column/article_column.html
{% extends "article/base.html" %}
{% load staticfiles %}
{% block title %}article column{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div>
<p class="text-right"><!--button class="btn btn-primary">add column</button-->
<button id= "add_column" class="btn btn-primary"> add column</button>
</p>
<table class="table table-hover">
<tr>
<td>序号</td>
<td>栏目名称</td>
<td>操作</td>
</tr>
{% for column in columns %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ column.column }}</td>
<td> -- </td>
</tr>
{% empty %}
<p>还没有设置栏目，太懒了。</p>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</div>
{% endblock %}
- {{ forloop.counter }} 只在循环内部使用，这里电视当前循环次数的计数器（从1开始）
- {% empty %}如果引用的对象columns 为空，则显示，省略了if的判断。
（8）将栏目管理放在header的user下面，即点击user可以展开看到栏目管理，修改./templates/header.html
{% load staticfiles %}
<div class="container">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
</div>
<div>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav" role="navigation">
<li><a href="{% url 'blog:blog_title' %}">BLOG</a></li>
<li><a href="{% url 'blog:nlp_title' %}">NLP</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right" style="margin-right:10px">
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
<li>
<div class="dropdown" style="margin-top:8px">
<button class='btn btn-default dropdown-toggle' type='button' id='dropdownMenu' data-toggle='dropdown'>{{ user.username }}
<span class='caret'></span>
</button>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="{% url 'article:article_column' %}">栏目管理</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li><a href="{% url 'account:user_logout' %}">Logout</a></li>
{% else %}
<li><a href="{% url 'account:user_login' %}">LOGIN</a></li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'js/bootstrap.js' %}"></script>
2、增加新栏目
（1）页面编辑
使用layer.js，实现弹出对话框，编辑./article/column/article_column.html，将原来的button进行适当的修改
<button id= "add_column" onclick="add_column()" class="btn btn-primary"> add column</button>
当点击button按钮的时候，会出发add_column()函数，该函数代码放在文件尾部{%endblock%}之内。
<script type="text/javascript" src='{% static "js/jquery.js" %}'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/layer.js'%}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function add_column() {
var index = layer.open({
type: 1,
skin: "layui-layer-rim",
area: ["400px", "200px"],
title: "新增栏目",
content: '<div class="text-center" style="margin-top:20px">\
<p> 请输入新的栏目名称</p>\
<p>{{ column_form.column }}</p>\
</div > ',
btn: ['确定', '取消'],
yes: function (index, layero) {
column_name = $('#id_column').val();
$.ajax({
url: '{% url "article:article_column" %}',
type: 'POST',
data: { "column": column_name },
success: function (e) {
if (e == "1") {
parent.location.reload();
layer.msg("good");
} else {
layer.msg("此栏目已有，请更换名称")
}
},
});
},
btn2: function (index, layero) {
layer.close(index);
}
});
}
</script>
（2）重写views.py中的article_column函数
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import ArticleColumn
from .forms import ArticleColumnForm
@login_required(login_url='/account/login/')
@csrf_exempt # 在视图函数前面添加该装饰器，也是解决表单中CSRF问题的一种方式
def article_column(request):
if request.method == "GET":
columns = ArticleColumn.objects.filter(user=request.user)
column_form = ArticleColumnForm()
return render(request, "article/column/article_column.html", {"columns":columns, 'column_form':column_form})
if request.method == "POST":
column_name = request.POST['column']
columns = ArticleColumn.objects.filter(user_id=request.user.id,column=column_name)
if columns:
return HttpResponse('2')
else:
ArticleColumn.objects.create(user=request.user, column=column_name)
return HttpResponse("1")
- @csrf_exempt # 在视图函数前面添加该装饰器，也是解决表单中CSRF问题的一种方式
- ArticleColumn.objects.filter(user_id=request.user.id,column=column_name)条件有两个：一个是当前用户，另一个是栏目名称。然后判断查询结果，如果没有改栏目名称则创建。
3、编辑栏目
在栏目列表中，有一列是“操作”列，可以添加“编辑”和“删除”等动作，这里主要实现“编辑”操作。
（1）编辑页面
修改./article/column/article_column.html，显示具体的操作。
- 编辑操作代码
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ column.column }}</td>
<td>
<a name="edit" href="javascript:" onclick="edit_column(this, {{ column.id }})">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
</a>
</td>
</tr>
- 编辑edit_column函数
function edit_column(the, column_id){
var name = $(the).parents("tr").children("td").eq(1).text();
var index = layer.open({
type: 1,
skin: "layui-layer-rim",
area: ["400px", "200px"],
title: "编辑栏目",
content: '<div class="text-center" style="margin-top:20px"> <p>请编辑的栏目名称</p><p><input type="text" id="new_name" value="'+name+'"></p> </div>',
btn:['确定', '取消'],
yes: function(index, layero){
new_name = $("#new_name").val();
$.ajax({
url: "{% url 'article:rename_article_column' %}",
type: "POST",
data: {"column_id": column_id, "column_name": new_name},
success: function(e){
if(e=="1"){
parent.location.reload();
layer.msg("good");
}else{
layer.msg("新的名称没有保存,修改失败。")
}
},
});
},
});
}
（2）编辑视图函数./article/views.py，添加如下的内容
from django.views.decorators.http import require_POST
@login_required(login_url='/account/login')
@require_POST
@csrf_exempt
def rename_article_column(request):
column_name = request.POST["column_name"]
column_id = request.POST['column_id']
try:
line = ArticleColumn.objects.get(id=column_id) #
line.column = column_name
line.save() # 实现该属性的重新赋值，要记得
return HttpResponse("1")
except:
return HttpResponse("0")
- @require_POST使用该装饰器的目的就是保证此视图函数只接收通过POST方式提交的数据。
- line.save() # 实现该属性的重新赋值，要记得
（3）配置./article/urls.py
path('rename-column/', views.rename_article_column, name="rename_article_column"),
4、删除栏目
（1）编辑页面
修改./article/column/article_column.html，显示具体的操作。
- 编辑操作代码
<td>
<a name="edit" href="javascript:" onclick="edit_column(this, {{ column.id }})">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
</a>
<a name="delete" href="javascript:" onclick="del_column(this, {{ column.id }})">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash" style="margin-left:20px;"></span>
</a>
</td>
- 编辑del_column函数
function del_column(the, column_id){
var name = $(the).parents("tr").children("td").eq(1).text();
layer.open({
type: 1,
skin: "layui-layer-rim",
area: ["400px", "200px"],
title: "删除栏目",
content: '<div class="text-center" style="margin-top:20px"><p>是否确定删除{'+name+'}栏目</p> </div>',
btn:['确定', '取消'], yes: function(){
$.ajax({
url: '{% url "article:del_article_column" %}',
type:"POST",
data: {"column_id":column_id},
success: function(e){
if(e=="1"){
parent.location.reload();
layer.msg("has been deleted.");
}else{
layer.msg("删除失败");
}
},
})
},
});
}
（2）编辑视图函数./article/views.py，添加如下的内容
@login_required(login_url='/account/login')
@require_POST
@csrf_exempt
def del_article_column(request):
column_id = request.POST["column_id"]
try:
line = ArticleColumn.objects.get(id=column_id)
line.delete()
return HttpResponse("1")
except:
return HttpResponse("2")
（3）配置./article/urls.py
path('del-column/', views.del_article_column, name="del_article_column"),
5、将栏目的管理权限给超级管理员
编辑./article/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import ArticleColumn
class ArticleColumnAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('column', 'created', 'user')
list_filter = ("column",)
admin.site.register(ArticleColumn, ArticleColumnAdmin)
参考：
1、跟老齐学python Django实战
