Words and expression

...it is easy to track the results as you challenge your biceps, triceps, quadriceps, pecs, delts, lats, traps, abs, glutes, calves, and hamstrings.

track the results

Track down = find （+reference/ object / old friend）

Track(noun)= print/ route

e.g..tyre track

To cover one’s tracks

Make tracks = set off        Make tracks for home/ id better be making tracks

biceps, triceps, quadriceps, pecs, delts, lats, traps, abs, glutes, calves, and hamstrings.

肱二头肌、肱三头肌、股四头肌、胸大肌、三角肌、背阔肌、斜方肌、腹肌、臀大肌、小腿肌肉以及腘绳肌

More to the point, prospective taxi drivers must demonstrate that they can get from one point in the city to another as efficiently as possible.

demonstrate=show/prove/protest

(show)  demonstrate+‹affection, dislike, indifference, feeling›

to demonstrate one's concern/support for sth.

as demonstrated by…

(protest)  demonstrate for/against sth.

...with the endpoints becoming more obscure and the routes longer, more complicated, and more convoluted.

...who were naturally better equipped to be able to learn their way around the maze that is London.

obscure=complicated=convoluted

maze=complex network    a maze of streets/regulations

The clear implication was that whatever was responsible for the difference in the size of the posterior hippocampi was not related to the driving itself but rather was related specifically to the navigational skills that the job required.

implication=consequense/suggestion

Eg. The implication of the message is that they are satisfied with the result.

Until the first decade of the twenty-first century, most scientists would have flat out denied that something like what Maguire has seen in the brains of London cabbies was even possible.

1) as fast/hard as possible + ‹run, drive›

Eg. the whole team is working flat out to meet the deadline

2) definitely

Eg. I told them flat out ‘No’

Perhaps the most compelling evidence of this comes from an experiment done in the late 1990s,...

(=convincing)  + evidence/ argument

(=Powerful) + personality/ desire

endurance the ability to continue with an unpleasant or difficult situation, experience, or activity over a long period of time 耐力

stamina the physical or mental energy needed to do a tiring activity for a long time 毅力

plasticity the quality of being plastic or able to be molded 可塑性

elasticity=flexibility

Summary

In this chapter, the case of London cabbies is used to prove that adults' brains still have potential to be developed and the brain has a very similar degree and variety of adaptability. Also, the special capability of blind or deaf people can certify that brain’s structure and function are not fixed. Even presbyopia can be treated through some deliberate practice.

Impression

Although mental change is not as visible as physical change like losing weight or gaining muscle, it is proved that our brains do have the ability to change as we want during efficient deliberate training. Just keep the faith, those change will happen sooner or later through the right approach and enough effort.