python每日一题总结3

20180606 qzd

每日一题10——Two Sum


(Tag:列表)
Given an array of integers, return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to a specific target.

You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution, and you may not use the same element twice.
Example:

Given nums = [2, 7, 11, 15], target = 9,
Because nums[0] + nums[1] = 2 + 7 = 9,
return [0, 1].

from:https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum/description/
答案:

  1. 数据结构解题
class Solution(object):
    def twoSum(self, nums, target):
        #hash用于建立数值到下标的映射
        hash = {}
        #循环nums数值,并添加映射
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            if target - nums[i] in hash:
                return [hash[target - nums[i]], i]
            hash[nums[i]] = i
        #无解的情况
        return [-1, -1]
  1. 内置函数解题
class Solution:
    """
    @param numbers: An array of Integer
    @param target: target = numbers[index1] + numbers[index2]
    @return: [index1 + 1, index2 + 1] (index1 < index2)
    """
    def twoSum(self, nums, target):
        for i, a in enumerate(nums):
            for j, b in enumerate(nums[i + 1:]):
                if a + b == target:
                    return [i, j + i + 1]
        return [-1, -1]

每日一题11——Toeplitz Matrix


(Tag:数组)
A matrix is Toeplitz if every diagonal from top-left to bottom-right has the same element.

Now given an M x N matrix, return True if and only if the matrix is Toeplitz.

注意事项

matrix will be a 2D array of integers.
matrix will have a number of rows and columns in range [1, 20].
matrix[i][j] will be integers in range [0, 99].

样例

Example 1:
Input: matrix = [[1,2,3,4],[5,1,2,3],[9,5,1,2]]
Output: True
Explanation:
1234
5123
9512
In the above grid, the diagonals are "[9]", "[5, 5]", "[1, 1, 1]", "[2, 2, 2]", "[3, 3]", "[4]", and in each diagonal all elements are the same, so the answer is True.

Example 2:
Input: matrix = [[1,2],[2,2]]
Output: False
Explanation:
The diagonal "[1, 2]" has different elements.

from:https://www.lintcode.com/zh-cn/old/problem/toeplitz-matrix/
解题:

class Solution:
    """
    @param matrix: the given matrix
    @return: True if and only if the matrix is Toeplitz
    """
    def isToeplitzMatrix(self, matrix):
        # Write your code here
        for i in range(len(matrix)-1):
            for j in range(len(matrix)-1):
                if matrix[i][j]!=matrix[i+1][j+1]:
                    print(False)
        
        print(True)

每日一题12


  1. 有四个数字:1、2、3、4,能组成多少个互不相同且无重复数字的三位数?各是多少?
    程序分析:可填在百位、十位、个位的数字都是1、2、3、4。组成所有的排列后再去 掉不满足条件的排列。
    code:
for i in range(1,5):
    for j in range(1,5):
        for k in range(1,5):
            if(i!=j)and(i!=k)and(j!=k):
                print(i,j,k)
  1. 企业发放的奖金根据利润提成。利润(I)低于或等于10万元时,奖金可提10%;利润高于10万元,低于20万元时,低于10万元的部分按10%提成,高于10万元的部分,可提成7.5%;20万到40万之间时,高于20万元的部分,可提成5%;40万到60万之间时高于40万元的部分,可提成3%;60万到100万之间时,高于60万元的部分,可提成1.5%,高于100万元时,超过100万元的部分按1%提成,从键盘输入当月利润I,求应发放奖金总数?
    程序分析:请利用数轴来分界,定位。注意定义时需把奖金定义成长整型。
    code:
i= int(input('jinlirun:'))
arr = [1000000,600000,400000,200000,100000,0]
rat = [0.01,0.015,0.03,0.05,0.075,0.1]
r=0
for idx in range(6):
    if i >arr[idx]:
        r+=(i-arr[idx])*rat[idx]
        #print((i-arr[idx])*rat[idx])
        i=arr[idx]
print(r)

每日一题13


  1. 一个整数,它加上100后是一个完全平方数,再加上168又是一个完全平方数,请问该数是多少?
    程序分析:
    假设该数为 x。
    1、则:x + 100 = n2, x + 100 + 168 = m2
    2、计算等式:m2 - n2 = (m + n)(m - n) = 168
    3、设置: m + n = i,m - n = j,i * j =168,i 和 j 至少一个是偶数
    4、可得: m = (i + j) / 2, n = (i - j) / 2,i 和 j 要么都是偶数,要么都是奇数。
    5、从 3 和 4 推导可知道,i 与 j 均是大于等于 2 的偶数。
    6、由于 i * j = 168, j>=2,则 1 < i < 168 / 2 + 1。
    7、接下来将 i 的所有数字循环计算即可。
    code:
for i in range(1,85):
    if 168 %i==0:
        j=168/i;
        if i>j and(i+j)%2==0 and(i-j)%2==0:
            m=(i+j)/2
            n=(i+j)/2
            x=n*n-100
            print(x)
  1. 输入某年某月某日,判断这一天是这一年的第几天?
    程序分析:以3月5日为例,应该先把前两个月的加起来,然后再加上5天即本年的第几天,特殊情况,闰年且输入月份大于2时需考虑多加一天:
    code:
year = int(input('year:\n'))
month = int(input('month:\n'))
day = int(input('day:\n'))

months = (0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334)
if 0 < month <= 12:
    sum = months[month - 1]
else:
    print('data error')
sum+=day
leap=0
if (year %400 ==0)or((year%4==0)and (year %100!=0)):
    leap=1
if(leap==1)and (mounth>2):
    sum+=1
print('it is the %dth day,'%sum)

每日一题2
每日一题4

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