Healing Architecture 4
About a year ago, I read an article about a tireless and intrepid civil rights leader named Bryan Stevenson.
ps:大约一年前，我读到一篇关于一位不知疲倦、勇敢的民权领袖布莱恩·史蒂文森的文章。
ago以前
read识字; 阅读; 读懂; 读; 朗读; 读到; 查阅到; 读书; 好的读物; 好书; 博学的; 熟知的; 精通的
tireless不知疲倦的; 不觉疲劳的; 精力充沛的
intrepid勇敢的; 无畏的
named命名; 给…取名; 说出…的名称; 叫出…的名字; 确定; 说定; 准确陈述; name的过去分词和过去式
Bryan布赖恩
Stevenson史蒂文森
And Bryan had a bold architectural vision.
ps:布莱恩有一个大胆的建筑构想。
Bryan布赖恩
bold大胆自信的; 敢于表白情感的; 敢于冒险的; 明显的; 轮廓突出的; 粗体的; 黑体的; 黑体; 粗体
architectural建筑学的; 建筑方面的
vision视力; 视野; 想象; 幻象; 梦幻; 神示; 异象
He and his team had been documenting the over 4,000 lynchings of African-Americans that have happened in the American South.
ps:他和他的团队记录了发生在美国南部的4000多起非裔美国人私刑事件。
his他的; 上帝的; 属于上帝的; 属于他的
team队; 组，班; 一组牲畜，联畜; 使互相配合; 使协作; 使合作
been曾经到过; are的过去分词; be的过去分词
documenting记录，记载; 用文件证明; document的现在分词
over从直立位置向下和向外; 落下; 倒下; 从一侧到另一侧; 翻转; 穿过; 在…上面; 悬在…上面; 向…上方; 从一边到另一边; 穿越; 一轮投球
lynchings英 [ˈlɪntʃɪŋz] 美 [ˈlɪntʃɪŋz] n.处以私刑；处私刑杀害lynching的复数
have有; 持有; 占有; 由…组成; 显示出，带有; 与过去分词连用构成完成时
happened发生，出现; 出现，发生; 碰巧; 恰好; happen的过去分词和过去式
South向南方;朝南; 南; 南方
And they had a plan to mark every county where these lynchings occurred, and build a national memorial to the victims of lynching in Montgomery, Alabama.
ps:他们计划在发生私刑的每个县都做一个标记，并在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利为私刑受害者建立一个国家纪念馆。
plan计划; 打算; 规划，方案; 精心安排; 详图; 谋划; 期待; 设计; 安排; 组织; 策划
mark做记号; 做标记; 留下痕迹; 弄污; 使有污点; 标明方位; 标示; 污点; 污渍; 斑点; 疤痕; 斑点，色斑; 符号; 记号; 标记
county郡; 县; 典型英国上流社会人物的; 世家子弟的
occurred发生; 出现; 存在于; 出现在; occur的过去分词和过去式
build建筑; 建造; 创建; 开发; 逐渐增强; 体形; 体格; 身材
memorial纪念碑; 纪念物; 纪念品; 纪念的; 悼念的
victims受害者; 罹难者; 罹病者; 牺牲品; 受骗者; 上当的人; 为祭祀杀死的动物; 祭品; 牺牲; victim的复数
lynching用私刑处死; lynch的现在分词; 处私刑
Montgomery蒙哥马利；蒙哥马利
Alabama阿拉巴马州
Countries like Germany and South Africa and, of course, Rwanda, have found it necessary to build memorials to reflect on the atrocities of their past, in order to heal their national psyche.
ps:像德国和南非，当然还有卢旺达这样的国家，已经发现有必要建立纪念碑来反思他们过去的暴行，以便治愈他们的民族心理。
Germany德国
South Africa南非; 位于非洲南部
of course当然，自然; 当然; 当然不
memorials纪念碑; 纪念物; 纪念品; memorial的复数
reflect on考虑; 回想
atrocities残暴行为; atrocity的复数
in order to为了;以便;目的在于; 要想……
heal康复，复原; 治愈; 使又愉快起来; 结束，较容易忍受
psyche英 [ˈsaɪki] 美 [ˈsaɪki] n.灵魂;心灵;精神;心态复数： psyches
We have yet to do this in the United States.
So I sent a cold email to info@equaljusticeintiative.org: "Dear Bryan," it said, "I think your building project is maybe the most important project we could do in America and could change the way we think about racial injustice. By any chance, do you know who will design it?"
Surprisingly, shockingly, Bryan got right back to me, and invited me down to meet with his team and talk to them.
Needless to say, I canceled all my meetings and I jumped on a plane to Montgomery, Alabama.
ps:不用说，我取消了所有的会议，我跳上了飞往阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利的飞机。
canceled取消了的；废除的; 缩写词为CAN，C
all所有; 全部; 全体; 一切; 全部的，整个的; 唯一的事物; 所有的事物; 完全; 很; 十分; 非常; 太; 过分
meetings会议; 集会; 与会者; 会面; 集合; meeting的复数
jumped跳; 跃; 跳跃; 跳过; 跃过; 跨越; 快速移动; 突然移动; jump的过去分词和过去式
plane飞机; 平面; 水平，程度，阶段，境界; 平的; 平坦的; 用刨子刨平; 滑翔; 擦着水面疾驶
Montgomery蒙哥马利；蒙哥马利
Alabama阿拉巴马州
When I got there, Bryan and his team picked me up, and we walked around the city.
And they took the time to point out the many markers that have been placed all over the city to the history of the Confederacy, and the very few that mark the history of slavery.
ps:他们花了点时间指出，在整个城市都有许多标记，以纪念邦联的历史，而很少有标记奴隶制的历史。
took携带; 拿走; 取走; 运走; 带去; 引领; 使达到，把…推向，把…带到; take的过去式
point out指点; 指明; 指出，说出
placed有名次，已获胜; 跻身前三名; 放置，安放; 使处于某位置; 安置; 安顿; 以某种态度对待; place的过去式
all over到处，遍及; 全部完结
history历史; 发展史，历史; 历史课; 历史学
very few极少数的；非常少; 屈指可数
mark做记号; 做标记; 留下痕迹; 弄污; 使有污点; 标明方位; 标示; 污点; 污渍; 斑点; 疤痕; 斑点，色斑; 符号; 记号; 标记
slavery奴隶身份; 奴隶制; 蓄奴
And then he walked me to a hill.
It overlooked the whole city.
He pointed out the river and the train tracks where the largest domestic slave-trading port in America had once prospered.
ps:他指出，美国国内最大的奴隶贸易港曾经繁荣过的河流和铁路。
pointed尖的; 有尖头的; 尖锐的; 尖刻的; 明确的; 指，指向; 瞄准; 对着; 朝向; point的过去分词和过去式
river河; 江; 涌流
train火车; 列车; 列队行进的人; 队列; 行列; 一系列相关的事情; 训练; 培训; 接受训练; 进行…训练; 进行体育锻炼; 教育; 培养…的能力
tracks小道，小径; 足迹，踪迹; 车辙; 轨道; 跟踪; 追踪; track的第三人称单数和复数
where在哪里; 到哪里; 处于哪种情形; 在那，到那; 在那里; 在该处; 在该情况下; …的地方; …情况下; 地方; 场所哪里
largest大的; 大规模的; 大量的; 大型号的; 广泛的; 众多的; large的最高级
domestic本国的; 国内的; 家用的; 家庭的; 家务的; 喜爱家庭生活的; 享受家庭乐趣的; 乐于操持家务的; 家佣; 佣人; 家庭纠纷; 家庭矛盾
port港口城市; 港市; 口岸; 港口; 避风港; 波尔图葡萄酒; 移植
once仅一次; 一次; 曾; 曾经; (用于否定句、疑问句和if后)曾，根本; 一…就; 一旦; 当…时候
prospered繁荣; 兴旺; 成功; 发达; prosper的过去分词和过去式
And then to the Capitol rotunda, where George Wallace had stood on its steps and proclaimed, "Segregation forever."
ps:然后去了国会圆形大厅，乔治·华莱士站在那里的台阶上宣布：“永远实行种族隔离。”
And then然后
Capitol国会大厦; 州议会大厦
rotunda圆形建筑，圆形大厅
George乔治（男子教名，亦作姓用，源于希腊语，意为“农夫”；它的拉丁语形式是Georgius；法语形式是Georges；意大利语形式是Giorgio；西班牙语形式是Jorge；德语和丹麦语形式是Georg；俄语形式是Yuri；在苏格兰和英国北部昵称为Geordie）
Wallace华莱士（Alfred Russel，1823—1913，英国博物学家；Henry Agard，1888—1965，美国农学家及从政者，于1941—1945任副总统；Edgar，1875—1932，英国侦探小说作家）
stood站立; 立; 直立; 站起来; 起立; 使直立; 竖放; 使站立; stand的过去分词和过去式
steps迈步; 脚步声; 步伐; 步态; 一步; 踩; 踏; 行走; step的第三人称单数和复数
proclaimed宣布; 宣告; 声明; 明确显示; 成为标志; 表明; proclaim的过去分词和过去式
forever永远; 长久地; 老是，没完没了地
And then to the very hill below us. He said, "Here we will build a new memorial that will change the identity of this city and of this nation."
Exercises:
1.What did Bryan do after Murphy landed?
He took Murphy around the city and showed him its history of racism.
2.what did he and Bryan plan to build together?
a memorial to the victims of lynching in the U.S.
3.How will the memorial change the identity of the city and nation?
it would require the country to acknowledge its racist past.
4.Why is it significant that the US hasn't built a national memorial for lynching victims?
It hasn't done enough to face its past.
5.A memorial is...
a structure built to preserve the memory of something.
Fill in the blanks:
And they had a plan to mark every county where these lynchings occurred, and build a national memorial to the victims of lynching in Montgomery, Alabama.
Put the sentences into correct order:
Bryan had a bold architectural vision.He and his team had been documenting the over 4,000 lynchings of African-Americans that have happened in the American South.And they had a plan to mark every county where these lynchings occurred.Then they would build a national memorial to the victims of lynching in Montgomery, Alabama.
Our two teams have worked together over the last year to design this memorial.
PS:我们两个小组在过去一年里共同设计了这个纪念馆。
two二
teams队; 组，班; 一组牲畜，联畜; 使互相配合; 使协作; 使合作; team的第三人称单数和复数
worked做体力工作; 劳动; 干活; 受雇于; 从事…工作; 使工作; 使卖力干活; work的过去分词和过去式; working的过去分词和过去式
together在一起; 共同; 以使接触; 到一起; 关系密切; 有婚姻关系; 自信而妥实的
last year去年; 上年; 那个俱乐部去年解散了
design设计; 布局; 安排; 设计艺术; 构思; 设计图样; 设计方案; 制图; 计划; 筹划; 制订; 制造; 意欲
memorial纪念碑; 纪念物; 纪念品; 纪念的; 悼念的
The memorial will take us on a journey through a classical, almost familiar building type, like the Parthenon or the colonnade at the Vatican.
PS:纪念馆将带领我们穿越一个古典的，几乎是熟悉的建筑类型，比如帕台农神庙或梵蒂冈的柱廊。
memorial纪念碑; 纪念物; 纪念品; 纪念的; 悼念的
journey旅行，行程; 旅行
through从…一端至另一端; 穿过; 贯穿; 透过…看到; 隔着…听到; 自始至终; 从头到尾; 从一端到另一端; 通过; 从头至尾; 直达的，直通的，联运的，全程的; 直达的; 直通的
classical古典的; 经典的; 传统的; 和古希腊与古罗马文化相关的; 受古希腊与古罗马文化影响的
almost几乎; 差不多
familiar熟悉的; 常见到的; 常听说的; 通晓; 熟悉; 随便的; 常客; 密友; 高级官吏的家属; 教皇[主教]的仆人
colonnade列柱; 柱廊
Vatican梵蒂冈
But as we enter, the ground drops below us and our perception shifts, where we realize that these columns evoke the lynchings, which happened in the public square.
PS:但当我们进入时，地面在我们下面，我们的感知发生了变化，我们意识到这些柱子唤起了私刑，发生在公共广场上。
enter进来; 进去; 进入; 成为…的一员; 加入; 开始从事; 开始参加; 开始进入; 着手进行
ground地; 地面; 土; 土地; 土壤; 开阔地; 空旷地; 搁浅，触海底; 使停飞; 阻止…起飞; 罚不准出门; 磨细的; 磨碎的; grind的过去分词和过去式
drops落下，掉下，使落下; 降下，使降落; 累倒; 累垮; drop的第三人称单数
perception知觉; 感知; 洞察力; 悟性; 看法; 见解
shifts转移; 挪动; 赶快; 快速移动; 变换; 更替; 变动; 改变; 转换; 班; 轮班; 轮班工作时间; 轮班职工; shift的第三人称单数和复数
realize理解; 领会; 认识到; 意识到; 实现; 将…变为现实; 发生，产生
columns柱; 圆形石柱; 纪念柱; 圆柱状物; 柱形物; 栏; column的复数
evoke引起，唤起
happened发生，出现; 出现，发生; 碰巧; 恰好; happen的过去分词和过去式
public square公共广场
And as we continue, we begin to understand the vast number of those who have yet to be put to rest.
Their names will be engraved on the markers that hang above us.
PS:他们的名字将刻在我们头顶的标记上。
Their他们的; 她们的; 它们的; 在提及性别不详的人时，用以代替his或her
names名字; 名称; 名誉; 名声; 名气; 有…名称的; 以…著名的; 有…名声的; 命名; 给…取名; 说出…的名称; 叫出…的名字; 确定; 说定; 准确陈述; name的第三人称单数和复数
will谈及将来; 愿，要，会，定要; 烦劳别人做事时用; 想要; 希望; 愿意; 喜欢; 立定志向; 决心; 决意; 立遗嘱将赠与; 立遗嘱赠与; 意志; 毅力; 自制力; 意愿; 心愿; 遗嘱
engraved铭记于心的; 刻在脑海中的; 在…上雕刻; engrave的过去分词和过去式
hang悬挂; 吊; 垂下; 垂落; 低垂，下垂; 悬挂方式，下垂
above在…上面; 超过，多于，大于; 超过，胜过; 在上面; 在较高处; 超过，更多
And just outside will be a field of identical columns.
PS:就在外面是一个由相同列组成的字段。
just正好; 恰好; 正当…时; 不少于; 同样; 公正的; 正义的; 正当的; 合理的; 正直的人; 公正的人; 合适的; 恰当的
outside外部; 外表; 周围，外围; 外侧，外手; 外部的; 在外面的; 向外的; 主建筑物以外的; 向外面的; 不属于本团体的; 不相关的; 在…外面; 向…外面; 离开; 不在; 不在…范围内; 不属于; 在外面; 向外面; 在户外
field田; 地; 牧场; 场地; 大片地方; 使参加竞选; 使参加比赛; 担任守队; 任守方; 接，截，传
identical完全同样的; 相同的; 同一的
columns柱; 圆形石柱; 纪念柱; 圆柱状物; 柱形物; 栏; column的复数
But these are temporary columns, waiting in purgatory, to be placed in the very counties where these lynchings occurred.
PS:但这些是临时的纵队，在炼狱中等待，被安置在私刑发生的地方。
these这些，他们; 这些; 一些
temporary短暂的; 暂时的; 临时的; 临时工; 临时雇员
columns柱; 圆形石柱; 纪念柱; 圆柱状物; 柱形物; 栏; column的复数
waiting等候; 等待; 当侍者; 当服务员; 等; 希望，盼望，期待; 准备妥; 在手边; 可得到; 可使用; wait的现在分词
purgatory炼狱; 受难的处所; 惩戒所; 折磨; 磨难
very很，非常，十分，极; (强调形容词最高级或置于own前)完全，十足; 完全同样; 完全同一; 正是的，恰好的，同一的; 最…的，极端的，十足的; 仅仅的，唯独的，甚至于
counties郡; 县; county的复数
where在哪里; 到哪里; 处于哪种情形; 在那，到那; 在那里; 在该处; 在该情况下; …的地方; …情况下; 地方; 场所哪里
occurred发生; 出现; 存在于; 出现在; occur的过去分词和过去式
Over the next few years, this site will bear witness, as each of these markers is claimed and visibly placed in those counties.
PS:在接下来的几年里，这一地点将成为见证，因为每一个这些标记都声称并明显地放置在这些县。
Over从直立位置向下和向外; 落下; 倒下; 从一侧到另一侧; 翻转; 穿过; 在…上面; 悬在…上面; 向…上方; 从一边到另一边; 穿越; 一轮投球
next下一个的; 紧接着的; 接下来的; 紧随其后的; 紧接着; 随后; 其次的; 依次的; 仅次于…的; 用于询问，表示吃惊或困惑; 下一位; 下一个; 下一件
few不多，很少; 有些，几个; 很少人; 有些; 一些; 不和…一般多; 少于
each各自，各个，每个
claimed宣称; 声称; 断言; 要求; 索取; 认领; 索要; claim的过去分词和过去式
visibly易察觉地; 明显地
placed有名次，已获胜; 跻身前三名; 放置，安放; 使处于某位置; 安置; 安顿; 以某种态度对待; place的过去式
those用来对已经提及的事物作补充说明; 人们;人; 那些; 用于提供更多的细节、信息
counties郡; 县; county的复数
Our nation will begin to heal from over a century of silence.
When we think about how it should be built, we were reminded of Ubudehe, the building process we learned about in Rwanda.
We wondered if we could fill those very columns with the soil from the sites of where these killings occurred.
ps:我们想知道，我们是否能用这些屠杀发生地的土壤填满这些柱子。
wondered想知道; 想弄明白; 琢磨; 礼貌地提问或请人做事时说; 感到诧异; 非常惊讶; wonder的过去分词和过去式
could用于can的过去时; 能，可以; 能; 把装罐保存; 让…卷铺盖走人; 炒…的鱿鱼; can的过去分词和过去式
fill充满，装满，注满，填满; 堵塞，填补; 使充满; 填满…的量; 足够…的量; 吃饱的量; 喝足的量
those用来对已经提及的事物作补充说明; 人们;人; 那些; 用于提供更多的细节、信息
columns柱; 圆形石柱; 纪念柱; 圆柱状物; 柱形物; 栏; column的复数
soil土壤; 国土; 领土; 土地; 弄脏
sites地点，位置，建筑工地; 现场; 发生地; 场所; 网站; 站点; 使坐落在; 为…选址; site的第三人称单数和复数
where在哪里; 到哪里; 处于哪种情形; 在那，到那; 在那里; 在该处; 在该情况下; …的地方; …情况下; 地方; 场所哪里
killings故意杀人; 谋杀; killing的复数
occurred发生; 出现; 存在于; 出现在; occur的过去分词和过去式
Brian and his team have begun collecting that soil and preserving it in individual jars with family members, community leaders and descendants.
ps:布赖恩和他的团队已经开始收集这些土壤，并与家庭成员、社区领袖和后代一起保存在单独的罐子里。
Brian布里安
begun开始; 启动; 起始; 开始存在; 起初是; 本来是; begin的过去分词
collecting用于募集捐款的; 收集; 采集; 收藏; 搜集; 聚集; 集合; 汇集; collect的现在分词
soil土壤; 国土; 领土; 土地; 弄脏
preserving保护; 维护; 保留; 维持…的原状; 保存; 保养; 贮存; 保鲜; preserve的现在分词
individual单独的; 个别的; 一个人的; 供一人用的; 独特的; 与众不同的; 个人; 与众不同的人; 有个性的人; 某种类型的人; 古怪的人
jars罐子; 广口瓶; 一罐，一瓶; 缸; 坛子; 撞击，受震动而疼痛; 产生不快的影响; 使烦躁; 不协调，不和谐，相冲突; jar的第三人称单数和复数
family members属；家属
descendants后裔; 后代; 子孙; 派生物; descendant的复数
The act of collecting soil itself has lead to a type of spiritual healing.
It's an act of restorative justice.
ps:这是一种恢复性司法行为。
restorative英 [rɪˈstɔːrətɪv] 美 [rɪˈstɔːrətɪv] adj.恢复健康的;促使康复的;整容的;整形的n.有助恢复健康的事物;滋补品
As one EJI team member noted in the collection of the soil from where Will McBride was lynched, "If Will McBride left one drop of sweat, one drop of blood, one hair follicle -- I pray that I dug it up, and that his whole body would be at peace."
ps:正如一名EJI团队成员在威尔·麦克布莱德被私刑处死的地方收集的土壤中所指出的，“如果威尔·麦克布莱德留下一滴汗、一滴血、一个毛囊——我祈祷我把它挖出来，他的整个身体都会安宁。”
soil土壤; 国土; 领土; 土地; 弄脏
sweat汗; 出汗; 流汗; 一身汗; 繁重的工作; 艰苦的劳动; 累活儿; 艰苦努力; 渗出水分，结水珠; 辛苦地干
pray祈祷; 祷告; 企盼; 祈望; 请问，请
dug掘; 凿; 挖; 掘得; 掘出; 寻找，搜寻; dig的过去分词和过去式
and that而且，并且
We plan to break ground on this memorial later this year, and it will be a place to finally speak of the unspeakable acts that have scarred this nation.
ps:我们计划今年晚些时候在这个纪念馆破土动工，它将是一个地方，终于可以说是不可言喻的行为，使这个国家伤痕累累。
plan计划; 打算; 规划，方案; 精心安排; 详图; 谋划; 期待; 设计; 安排; 组织; 策划
break ground动工，破土，创办，起锚
memorial纪念碑; 纪念物; 纪念品; 纪念的; 悼念的
speak of讲起; 特别推荐说
unspeakable难以说出口的; 不堪入耳的
acts行为; 行动; 所为; 法案，法令; 假装; 做事; 举止; act的第三人称单数和复数
scarred在…上结疤; 给…留下瘢痕; 给…留下精神创伤; 损害…的外观; scar的过去分词和过去式
nation国家; 民族; 国民
When my father told me that day that this house -- our house -- had saved his life, what I didn't know was that he was referring to a much deeper relationship between architecture and ourselves.
Buildings are not simply expressive sculptures.
ps:建筑不仅仅是富有表现力的雕塑。
expressive富于表情的; 有表现力的; 意味深长的; 表现; 表达; 表示
sculptures雕像; 雕塑品; 雕刻品; 雕刻术; 雕塑术; 雕刻; 雕塑; 刻出，雕成; sculpture的第三人称单数和复数
They make visible our personal and our collective aspirations as a society.
ps:它们使我们作为一个社会的个人和集体的愿望变得明显。
make制造; 做; 组装; 写; 出产; 制订; 铺床; 品牌，型号
visible看得见的; 可见的; 明显的; 能注意到的
personal个人的; 私人的; 人际的; 个性的; 私事的; 人事栏; 分类人事广告版; 人称代名词; 关于个人的简讯
collective集体的; 共有的; 共同的; 全体成员的; 总体的; 企业集团; 合作农场; 集体企业
aspirations渴望; 抱负; 志向; 发送气音; 送气; aspiration的复数
society社会; 社团; 协会; 学会
Great architecture can give us hope.
Great architecture can heal.
Thank you very much.
Exercises:
1.What did the columns in the memoral represent?
They represent the victims of lynching.
2.How does architecture heal communities?
It encourages people to cooperate to achieve a common goal.
3.An asporation is...
a desire.
Fill in the blanks：
Buildings are not simply expressive sculptures. They make visible our personal and our collective aspirations as a society. Great architecture can give us hope. Great architecture can heal.
Put the sentences into correct order:
We wondered if we could fill those very columns with the soil from the sites of where these killings occurred. Brian and his team have begun collecting that soil and preserving it in individual jars with family members, community leaders and descendants. The act of collecting soil itself has lead to a type of spiritual healing. It's an act of restorative justice.
Read and repeat the sentences:
1.Here we will build a new memorial that will change the identity of this city and of this nation.
2.We begin to understand the vast number of those who have yet to be put to rest.
3.But as we enter, the grounddrops below us and ourperceptionshifts,wherewe realize that these columnsevokethe lynchings,whichhappened in the public square.
4.Bryan got right back to me, and invited me down to meet with his team and talk to them.
5.He pointed out the river and the train tracks where the largest domestic slave-trading port in America had once prospered.
6.We plan to break ground on this memorial later this year, and it will be a place to finally speak of the unspeakable acts that have scarred this nation.
7.I have learned that architecture can be a transformative engine for change.
8.To keep myself distracted I went about finishing what he could now no longer complete.
