线程池提交分为 execute 与 submit，而且 submit是有返回值的，需要 futureTask.get();这样获取异常信息，想要全局同时处理 execute与 submit 线程池异常的话，只有自定义线程池，如：

package com.example.demo;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * author xiaochi
 * date  2023/3/31
 */
public class TheadTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        /*ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
        System.out.println(executorService.submit(new Task()).get());*/
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 3, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10)) {
            /**
             * 全局处理线程池异常 execute 与 submit
             * @param r
             * @param t
             */
            @Override
            protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
                if (t != null) {
                    System.out.println("异常信息:" + t);
                }
                // 如果是 submit提交,出现异常会走这里
                //如果r的实际类型是FutureTask 那么是submit提交的，所以可以在里面get到异常
                if (r instanceof FutureTask){
                    FutureTask<?> futureTask = (FutureTask<?>) r;
                    try {
                        futureTask.get();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.out.println("线程池submit提交,异常处理:"+e);
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        threadPoolExecutor.submit(new Task());
        threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
    }
}

class Task implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("进来了");
        int i = 1 / 0;
    }
}

如此使用全局自定义的线程池就ok了。