一、现在完成式的形式：have / has + p.p.(过去分词)
例：1. He has been busy since yesterday. (他从昨天开始就一直很忙)
2. He has studied for two days. (他已经学习了两天)
二、现在完成式的否定句和疑问句
肯定句：主词+ have / has + p.p.
例：He has heard a lot of Mr.Li. (他听说过很多李先生的事迹)
否定句：主词+ have not / has not + p.p.
例：He (has not / hasn't) heard a lot of Mr.Li. （他没有听过很多李先生的事迹）
疑问句：Have / Has + 主词 + p.p.
例：Has he heard a lot of Mr.Li.? (他听过很多李先生的故事吗?)
三、现在完成式的使用时机
1.持续
例：I began to learn English three years ago. (我三年前开始学习英语)
变为持续 => I have learned English for three years. (我学英语已经三年了)
I have learned English since three years ago. (我从三年前开始学习英语)
表持续的副词
(1) for + 时间长度
(2) since + 时间起点(过去式时间 / 过去式子句)
例： 1. We have known each other for ten years. (我们认识十年了)
2. We have known each other since ten years ago. (我们十年前就认识了)
3. We have known each other since we were children. (我们从小就认识了)
4. I haven't seen you for a long time. (好久不见)
5. It has been a long time since I last saw you. (好久不见)
(3) 其他副词
all day(整天) these days(最近) lately(最近) recently(最近) always(一直) this week(这星期)
例：I have had a headache all day. (我头疼了一整天)
(4) how long (多久)
例：How long has he played the piano? (他弹琴弹多久了) For two hours. (两小时了)
比较：how long (多久) 问时间
how often (多久一次) 问频率
例：1. How long have you lived in Taipei? (你在台北居住多久了)
We have lived in Taipei for 10 years. (我们在台北生活了 10 年) / We have lived in Taipei since 1994. (我们从1994年开始在台北生活)
2. How often do you go to a beauty parlor? (你多久去一次美容院)
Once a week. (一个星期一次)
2.完成
表完成的副词
(1) already (已经) have / has + already + p.p. 或者 放在句尾
(2) just (刚才) have / has + just + p.p.
(3) yet (尚,还) haven't / hasn't + yet + p.p. 或者 放在句尾
(4) 其他副词：today, this morning, lately, recently, now等
例：1. The train for Kaohsiung has already arrived. (往高雄的火车已经到了)
2. I have just read that comic book. (我刚读过那本漫画)
3. Have you found my digital camera yet? (你找到我的数码相机了吗) No, not yet.
(5) 比较 just => 现在完成式、过去式
just now => 过去式(刚才)、现在式(此刻,现在)、未来式(马上)
例：1. Tom came in just now; he's probably upstairs. (汤姆刚才进来了，他可能在楼上)
2. He is just now answering the call. (他现在正在接电话)
3. I'll do it just now. (我马上去做)
3.经验
表经验的副词
(1) ever, never, often等
(2) once, twice, ~times, before等
例：1. Have you ever visited National Palace Museum? (你曾参观过故宫博物院吗？)
No, I have never visited there before. / No, I never have. / No, never.
2. Did you ever visit National Palace Museum?
No, I never visited there before. / No, I never did.
3. My younger sister really likes that movie. She has watched it five times. (我妹妹非常喜欢这部电影，她已经看了五遍)
4. Do you ever visit National palace Museum in your free time? => ever用在现在式中表 习惯 (你空闲时会去参观故宫博物院吗？)
四、特别注意的现在完成式
1. 现在完成式及过去式
例：Mr.Green has gone to New York on business. (格林先生已经去纽约出差了)
Mr.Green went to New York on business. (格林先生去过纽约出差了)
2. have been to 及 have gone to
have been to 表 曾经去过/刚才去了
have gone to 表 已经去了 => 只用于第三人称
例：1. I have just been to the station to see her off. (我刚才去车站给她送行了)
2. Have you ever been to the library? (你曾经去过图书馆吗?)
3. She has gone to Europe. (她已经去了欧洲)
4. Did you ever go to a basketball game? (你去看过篮球比赛吗?) => 过去式
5. Have you ever been to a basketball game? (你去看过篮球比赛吗?) => 现在完成式
3. 瞬间动作,用现在完成式时,其后不可加一段时间
die(V) => 不能持续；dead(形容词) => 可持续
例：1. His father has died for ten years. (X)
His father died ten years ago. (他父亲过世十年了)
His father has been dead for ten years. (他父亲过世十年了)
2. Amy has bought the car for one year. (X)
Amy has bought the car already. (艾米已经买了车)
Amy bought the car and has owned it for one year. (艾米买了这辆车，并拥有它一年了)
3. Mr.Wang has gone to America for three days. (X)
Mr.Wang has gone to America. (王先生已经去了美国)
Mr.Wang has been in America for three days. (王先生已经在美国呆了三天了)
五、总例子
1. This month, I have been so lucky that I can hardly believe it. (这个月，我幸运得几乎不敢相信)
2. At the beginning of the month, I got 90 points on my monthly exam. (月初，我的月考得了 90 分)
3. In the middle of the month, I won the second place in an English speech contest. (本月中旬，我在一次英语演讲比赛中获得了第二名的好成绩)
4. The other day, my father gave me a computer as a birthday present. (前几天，父亲送给我一台电脑作为生日礼物)
5. I have never been so lucky so far in my life. (我这辈子从没这么幸运过)
