新世纪头十年，是世界政治经济格局大调整、大变革的十年，是中国工业化、城镇化快速发展的十年，也是我们全面推进改革开放和现代化建设取得辉煌成就的十年。
译文1：The first decade of the new century witnessed the intense structural reform of the global politics and economy. We accelerated our pace in industrialization and urbanization in China and accomplished splendid achievements in reform and opening up and modernization.
参考译文：The first decade of this century has seen major changes in the global political and economic landscape. It has also seen rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. Great progress has been made in China's comprehensive reform, opening-up and modernization endeavor during this decade.
分析：
①“大调整、大变革” 属于名词同义重复，英文可直接进行合并。但是译成“intense structural reform”就显得比较生硬，可参照参考译文中的“major changes”。另外，格局一般译成landscape。
②灵活使用被动语态使得句子更加贴切英文的表达习惯。
中国将坚持优先发展教育，全面提高人的素质，把经济发展建立在提高人力资本质量的基础上。对于中国这样的发展中大国，大力提升教育水平，全面提高人的素质，是经济发展的优势、动力和源泉。我们要尽快把经济增长从依靠增加人力资本数量转变到依靠提升人力资本质量上来。这是适应技术进步、转变经济发展方式的需要，是适应人口结构变化、实现可持续发展的关键。
译文1：We will continue to put education on the top of our developing agenda, comprehensively improve people's quality, and build our economic development on the basis of improving the quality of human capital.
As for such a huge developing country like China, the quality of education and the people determines the quality of economic development.
We should transform our developing pattern from quantity-oriented to quality-oriented, which is not only the need for the adaptation of more advanced technologies and more effective economic development pattern, but also a pivot for adapting to the demographic changes and maintaining sustainable development.
参考译文：China will continue to develop education as a priority, bring about all-round human development, and promote economic development on the basis of improving the quality of human capital.
For a major developing country like China, boosting education and improving quality of human resources will drive economic development and make it more competitive.
We will act quickly to achieve economic growth by increasing the quality of human capital rather than by just using more workers. This will enable us to catch up with the progress in technology and change the model of growth, and it holds the key for us to adapt to demographic changes and achieve sustainable development.
逐句分析：
1. “中国将坚持优先发展教育，全面提高人的素质，把经济发展建立在提高人力资本质量的基础上。”
①对“坚持”的处理，不是一看到坚持就要翻译成adhere to, persist in等等。一般在这种语境中，翻译成“be committed to”/“with a commitment to”，或是“continue to”更常见。
②对“素质”的处理，也不是一见到素质就译成quality，而应结合语境具体分析。
如“这个人文化素质不高”可以翻译成“He is not well educated.”
“提高人口素质”可以翻译成“improve the competence of the population”或“improve health and education of the nation”
“素质教育”，“holistic education”/“well-round education”/“competence-oriented education”
“提高全民族的科学文化素质”，“improve the scientific literacy of the nation”
参考译文将“提高人的素质”处理成“improve the quality of human resources”也是聪明之举。但是直接翻译成“improve people's quality”就不合适了。
2. “对于中国这样的发展中大国，大力提升教育水平，全面提高人的素质，是经济发展的优势、动力和源泉。”
①“是...的优势、动力和源泉”，在翻译时也不能照字译字，而要提炼其具体含义。“动力和源泉”是同义名词，“优势”则体现为让经济更有竞争力，所以译为“drive economic development and make it more competitive”。学会使用competitive
3. “我们要尽快把经济增长从依靠增加人力资本数量转变到依靠提升人力资本质量上来。这是适应技术进步、转变经济发展方式的需要，是适应人口结构变化、实现可持续发展的关键。”
①rather than的用法很巧妙，跳出了中文原文“转变”的圈子
②enable一词使语言非常具体、简洁。“是...的关键”翻成“it holds to key to...”也值得提倡。
