TED Talk >> Andres Ruzo: The boiling river of the Amazon
A bit sadistic, aren't we? Jeez. Leave them marinating for a little longer. What's, again, amazing are these temperatures. They're similar to things that I've seen on volcanoes all over the world and even super-volcanoes like Yellowstone.
有点让施虐的，不是吗？天呐。让它们在腌制一会儿。另一个神奇之处便是温度。这些河的温度和我所见过的火山差不多，甚至类似于黄石的超级火山。
But here's the thing: the data is showing that the boiling river exists independent of volcanism. It's neither magmatic or volcanic in origin, and again, over 700 kilometers away from the nearest volcanic center.
但有意思的是：根据数据，这条沸腾河和火山并不是共存关系。这和岩浆或火山都没关系，再强调一次，最近的火山离这里也有700公里远。
How can a boiling river exist like this? I've asked geothermal experts and volcanologists for years, and I'm still unable to find another non-volcanic geothermal system of this magnitude. It's unique. It's special on a global scale. So, still -- how does it work? Where do we get this heat? There's still more research to be done to better constrain the problem and better understand the system, but from what the data is telling us now, it looks to be the result of a large hydrothermal system.
这样一条沸腾的河流是怎么形成的呢？多年来，我询问了许多地热专家和火山研究者们，至今也没能找到另外一个非火山的地热系统，有如此大的规模。这是独一无二的。在全球范围内来说都是特别的。但，它到底是怎么运作的呢？这些热量从哪里来的？人们还要做许多的研究才能更好的约束这个问题并理解这种系统。但从目前我们获得的数据看，似乎是由大型热液系统导致的。
Basically, it works like this: So, the deeper you go into the earth, the hotter it gets. We refer to this as the geothermal gradient. The waters could be coming from as far away as glaciers in the Andes, then seeping down deep into the earth and coming out to form the boiling river after getting heated up from the geothermal gradient, all due to this unique geologic setting.
概括起来便是：越接近地球核心，温度越高。我们称此为地热梯度。这些水可能是遥远的Andes山脉冰川融水，逐渐渗透入地球核心，然后以沸腾河的形式流出，在受到地热梯度的加热之后，这一切都归功于这种独特的地质特征。
Now, we found that in and around the river -- this is working with colleagues from National Geographic, Dr. Spencer Wells, and Dr. Jon Eisen from UC Davis -- we genetically sequenced the extremophile lifeforms living in and around the river, and have found new lifeforms, unique species living in the boiling river.
目前，我们发现这条河里以及附近， 我同几位来自国家地理的同事一起，来自《国家地理》的Dr. Spencer Wells，来自UC Davis的Dr. Jon Eisen —— 我们对生活在河里以及周边的极端微生物进行了基因排序，并且找到了新的生命形式， 生活在沸腾河里的独特生物。
Question
- What makes the boiling water unique?
> It is non-volcanic and large in scale. - To constrain something means to
> control or limit it - An extremophile
> lives in extreme environments.
But again, despite all of these studies, all of these discoveries and the legends, a question remains: What is the significance of the boiling river? What is the significance of this stationary cloud that always hovers over this patch of jungle? And what is the significance of a detail in a childhood legend?
但，尽管有这些研究，这些发现和传说，仍有一个问题萦绕人心：沸腾河的存在有重要意义吗？那一小片笼罩着丛林的静止的云的存在有什么意义呢？再者，童年时代听到的传说又有什么重要性呢？
To the shaman and his community, it's a sacred site. To me, as a geoscientist, it's a unique geothermal phenomenon. But to the illegal loggers and cattle farmers, it's just another resource to exploit. And to the Peruvian government, it's just another stretch of unprotected land ready for development.
对萨满大师和那里的居民来说，这是一个神圣的地方。对我来说，作为一名地球学家，这是独特的地热现象。但对于非法伐木和畜牧农场主来说，这只不过是另一个可以开采的地方而已。 而对于Peruvian政府来说，这只不过是另一个未受保护的地方等待被开发而已。
My goal is to ensure that whoever controls this land understands the boiling river's uniqueness and significance. Because that's the question, one of significance. And the thing there is, we define significance. It's us. We have that power. We are the ones who draw that line between the sacred and the trivial. And in this age, where everything seems mapped, measured and studied, in this age of information, I remind you all that discoveries are not just made in the black void of the unknown but in the white noise of overwhelming data.
我的目标是确保不管是谁掌管这片土地，他们都能明白这条沸腾河的独特性和重要性。因为这才是问题所在，是重要意义之一。而结论是，重要与否是由我们来定义的。我们人类掌握着这项权利。是我们来界定什么是神圣的，什么是微不足道的。而在这个时代，事物看起来似乎都在地图上绘画出来，测量过并研究过，在这个信息时代，我要提醒大家的是新发现并不是在一片虚渺荒芜的黑暗中发现的，而是在堆积如山的数据白噪点中发现的。
There remains so much to explore. We live in an incredible world. So go out. Be curious. Because we do live in a world where shamans still sing to the spirits of the jungle, where rivers do boil and where legends do come to life. Thank you very much.
还有许多等待人们去探索。我们的世界是如此的奇妙。让我们走出去。带着好奇心。因为我们生活的这个世界仍有萨满大师为丛林精灵吟唱，有会沸腾的河流，有传说成为现实。谢谢大家。
Question
- What lesson does Ruzo expect audience to walk away with?
> There are still great wonders to be discovered in the world. - What does the white noise of overwhelming data refer to?
> an abundance irrelevant data - The significance of the voting river in the Amazon
> varies from person to person. - What is Ruzo's main goal in delivering the speech?
> to encourage people to remain curious and explore the world
Listen and repeat
- It is so far the largest non-volcanic boiling river ever discovered.
- Even in the information age, there is still so much to be explored and learned.
Game Grammar
- if something is indigenous,
> it is native or original to an area - If something is legendary, it is
> very famous and admired. - which of the following words are synonyms for sadistic
> brutal, cruel, atrocious,sympathetic, merciful
Game Speaking
- If someone feels exhilarated, they feel excited and thrilled.
