Linux环境命令行

首先，根据进程命令，获取运行的tomcat的进程ID

ps aux | grep tomcat | grep java | grep bsc

在第二列可以看到进程ID

然后使用jmap可以查看内存占比：

/home/work/bsc/java/jdk-1.7-7u60/bin/jmap -heap 7840

输出的结果包括了内存各个部分的占比：

[work@xxxx.com logs]$ /home/work/bsc/java/jdk-1.7-7u60/bin/jmap -heap 10433
Attaching to process ID 10433, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Server compiler detected.
JVM version is 24.60-b09
using parallel threads in the new generation.
using thread-local object allocation.
Concurrent Mark-Sweep GC
Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio = 40
   MaxHeapFreeRatio = 70
   MaxHeapSize      = 8388608000 (8000.0MB)
   NewSize          = 1048576000 (1000.0MB)
   MaxNewSize       = 1048576000 (1000.0MB)
   OldSize          = 5439488 (5.1875MB)
   NewRatio         = 2
   SurvivorRatio    = 8
   PermSize         = 134217728 (128.0MB)
   MaxPermSize      = 268435456 (256.0MB)
   G1HeapRegionSize = 0 (0.0MB)
Heap Usage:
New Generation (Eden + 1 Survivor Space):
   capacity = 943718400 (900.0MB)
   used     = 393328672 (375.1074523925781MB)
   free     = 550389728 (524.8925476074219MB)
   41.67860582139757% used
Eden Space:
   capacity = 838860800 (800.0MB)
   used     = 288471072 (275.1074523925781MB)
   free     = 550389728 (524.8925476074219MB)
   34.388431549072266% used
From Space:
   capacity = 104857600 (100.0MB)
   used     = 104857600 (100.0MB)
   free     = 0 (0.0MB)
   100.0% used
To Space:
   capacity = 104857600 (100.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 104857600 (100.0MB)
   0.0% used
concurrent mark-sweep generation:
   capacity = 1288736768 (1229.03515625MB)
   used     = 706435104 (673.7090148925781MB)
   free     = 582301664 (555.3261413574219MB)
   54.816089797478334% used
Perm Generation:
   capacity = 134217728 (128.0MB)
   used     = 65034240 (62.021484375MB)
   free     = 69183488 (65.978515625MB)
   48.45428466796875% used
27139 interned Strings occupying 3055832 bytes.

如上可以清楚的看到内存配置信息、年轻代（包括eden、from、to）、老年代、永久代各自的内存信息和占比。

使用Eclipse的memory analysis tool工具进行详细分析

首先，使用命令将内存dump到文件：

/home/work/bsc/java/jdk-1.7-7u60/bin/jmap -dump:format=b,file=/home/work/tmp/bsc.bin 10433

MAT(Memory Analyzer Tool)工具是eclipse的一个插件，使用起来非常方便，尤其是在分析大内存的dump文件时，可以非常直观的看到各个对象在堆空间中所占用的内存大小、类实例数量、对象引用关系、利用OQL对象查询，以及可以很方便的找出对象GC Roots的相关信息，当然最吸引人的还是能够快速为开发人员生成内存泄露报表，方便定位问题和分析问题。

然后就可以查看内存中的数据，点击饼图，也可以看下占比最大的对象是什么，从而分析程序的行为。

写在最后