环境说明
- Spring Boot 1.5.17.RELEASE
或Spring Boot 2.1.0.RELEASE - MySQL v5.6.19
- PostgreSQL v10.4
无特殊说明，以下所说的环境均指
Spring Boot 2.1.0.RELEASE，如果使用的是Spring Boot 1.5.17.RELEASE这个版本，只需要调整下面有做说明的几处地方
连接配置
在application.yml中定义如下信息：
spring:
jpa:
hibernate:
# 多数据源下，该属性不生效，需要在配置中额外指定，这里仅表示普通定义
ddl-auto: create-drop
properties:
hibernate:
show_sql: true
format_sql: true
jdbc:
lob:
non_contextual_creation: true
open-in-view: false
# 定义不同数据源的连接信息
datasource:
hikari:
mysql:
# Spring Boot 1.0+ 版本：使用spring.datasource.url
# Spring Boot 2.0+ 版本：使用spring.datasource.hikari.jdbc-url
jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
username: root
password: root
# Spring Boot 1.0+ 版本：使用com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
# Spring Boot 2.0+ 版本：使用com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
postgres:
jdbc-url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres
username: postgres
password: postgres
driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver
配置数据源
根据上面定义的配置信息，配置这两个数据源：
// Spring Boot 1.0+ ，DataSourceBuilder所在包位置为：org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder
// Spring Boot 2.0+ ，DataSourceBuilder所在包位置为：org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
@Primary
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.hikari.mysql")
public DataSource mysqlDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.hikari.postgres")
public DataSource postgresDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
}
JPA 支持
添加 mysql 对应数据源的 JPA 支持：
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(
entityManagerFactoryRef = "mysqlEntityManagerFactory",
transactionManagerRef = "mysqlTransactionManager",
// 数据层所在的包位置
basePackages = "cn.mariojd.springboot.multiple.datasource.jpa.mysql.repository")
public class MysqlDataSourceConfig {
@Resource
private Environment environment;
@Resource
@Qualifier("mysqlDataSource")
private DataSource dataSource;
@Bean
@Primary
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean mysqlEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>(4);
// Spring Boot 1.0+ ，使用MySQLDialect
// Spring Boot 2.0+ ，指定MySQLDialect会默认使用MyISAM引擎，改成MySQL55Dialect即可
properties.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL55Dialect");
properties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", environment.getProperty("spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto"));
return builder.dataSource(dataSource)
.properties(properties)
// 实体所在的包位置
.packages("cn.mariojd.springboot.multiple.datasource.jpa.mysql.entity")
.persistenceUnit("jpa-mysql")
.build();
}
@Bean
@Primary
public PlatformTransactionManager mysqlTransactionManager(@Qualifier("mysqlEntityManagerFactory") EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactory);
}
}
添加 postgres 对应数据源的 JPA 支持：
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(
entityManagerFactoryRef = "postgresEntityManagerFactory",
transactionManagerRef = "postgresTransactionManager",
// 数据层所在的包位置
basePackages = "cn.mariojd.springboot.multiple.datasource.jpa.postgres.repository")
public class PostgresDataSourceConfig {
@Resource
private Environment environment;
@Resource
@Qualifier("postgresDataSource")
private DataSource dataSource;
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean postgresEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>(4);
properties.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect");
properties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", environment.getProperty("spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto"));
return builder.dataSource(dataSource)
// 实体所在的包位置
.properties(properties)
.packages("cn.mariojd.springboot.multiple.datasource.jpa.postgres.entity")
.persistenceUnit("jpa-postgres")
.build();
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager postgresTransactionManager(@Qualifier("postgresEntityManagerFactory") EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactory);
}
}
相关定义
mysql 对应的数据源配置中，定义了实体 Student 和对应的数据层接口 StudentRepository：
@Data
@Entity
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
private String name;
public Student(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer> {
}
postgres 对应的数据源配置中，定义了实体 Teacher 和对应的数据层接口 TeacherRepository：
@Data
@Entity
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Teacher {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
private String name;
public Teacher(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
public interface TeacherRepository extends JpaRepository<Teacher, Integer> {
}
单元测试
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootJpaMultipleDataSourceTest {
@Resource
private StudentRepository studentRepository;
@Resource
private TeacherRepository teacherRepository;
@Test
public void test() {
studentRepository.save(new Student("张三"));
studentRepository.save(new Student("李四"));
studentRepository.save(new Student("王五"));
Assert.assertEquals(3, studentRepository.findAll().size());
teacherRepository.save(new Teacher("张老师"));
teacherRepository.save(new Teacher("李老师"));
teacherRepository.save(new Teacher("王老师"));
Assert.assertEquals(3, teacherRepository.findAll().size());
}
}
参考链接
Using multiple datasources with Spring Boot and Spring Data
Spring JPA – Multiple Databases
Spring Boot多数据源配置与使用
How to connect to Multiple databases with Spring Data JPA
Springboot2.0中Hibernate默认创建的mysql表为myisam引擎问题
关于springboot2.0.0配置多数据源出现jdbcUrl is required with driverClassName的错误
解决mysql java.sql.SQLException: The server time zone value ...
示例源码
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