柠檬班测试派-Hamcrest 学习指南

1、前言

Hamcrest 是一款用于校验的 Java 的单元测试框架，可以组合创建灵活的表达的匹配器进行断言。

官网：http://hamcrest.org/JavaHamcrest/

2、API

1、startsWith：匹配字符串以 XX 开头

assertThat("myStringOfNote", startsWith("my"))

2、containsString：匹配是否包含指定字符串

assertThat("myStringOfNote", containsString("ring"))

3、equalTo：基于传入对象的 equals 方法匹配方式，如果是数组比较每个元素是否相等。

assertThat("foo", equalTo("foo"));

assertThat(new String[] {"foo", "bar"}, equalTo(new String[] {"foo", "bar"}));

4、allOf：匹配所有指定的匹配项，可指定多个匹配条件

assertThat("myValue", allOf(startsWith("my"), containsString("Val")));

5、anyOf：匹配其中任意一个匹配项，可指定多个匹配条件

assertThat("myValue", anyOf(startsWith("foo"), containsString("Val")))

6、both：两个选项都匹配

assertThat("fab", both(containsString("a")).and(containsString("b")))

7、either：匹配其中任意一个匹配项

assertThat("fan", either(containsString("a")).or(containsString("b")))

8、describedAs：自定义描述匹配

describedAs(

参数1：自定义描述，可以使用占位符%0,%1,%2...

参数2：匹配器

参数3：自定义描述中需要替换的变量按先后顺序匹配);

assertThat(120,describedAs("自定义期望值：%0", equalTo(110), 110));

输出：Expected: 自定义期望值：<110>

9、everyItem：匹配现实 Iterable 接口类中的每个元素是否符合要求

assertThat(Arrays.asList("bar", "baz"), everyItem(startsWith("ba")))

10、is：装饰另一个匹配器，保留其行为。

assertThat(cheese, is(equalTo(smelly)))

替代

assertThat(cheese, equalTo(smelly))

11、instanceOf：匹配对象是属于哪个类

assertThat(new Canoe(), instanceOf(Canoe.class));

12、isA：instanceOf 的快捷方式

assertThat(cheese, isA(Cheddar.class))

替代

assertThat(cheese, is(instanceOf(Cheddar.class)))

13、hasItem：匹配现实 Iterable 接口类中的【至少有一个元素】是否符合要求

assertThat(Arrays.asList("foo", "bar"), hasItem(startsWith("ba")));

assertThat(Arrays.asList("foo", "bar"), hasItem("bar"));

//endsWith("z") and endsWith("o") 必须同时满足

assertThat(Arrays.asList("foo", "bar", "baz"), hasItems(endsWith("z"), endsWith("o")));

//baz1 and foo 必须同时满足

assertThat(Arrays.asList("foo", "bar", "baz"), hasItems("baz1", "foo"));

14、not：创建一个结果相反的匹配器

assertThat(cheese, is(not(equalTo(smelly))))

assertThat(cheese, is(not(smelly)))

15、notNullValue：匹配是否非空

assertThat(cheese, is(notNullValue()))

16、nullValue：匹配是否为空

assertThat(cheese, is(nullValue())

17、containsStringIgnoringCase：匹配是否包含指定字符串，忽略大小写

assertThat("myStringOfNote", containsStringIgnoringCase("Ring"))

18、startsWithIgnoringCase：匹配字符串以 XX 开头，忽略大小写

assertThat("myStringOfNote", startsWithIgnoringCase("My"))

19、endsWith：匹配字符串以 XX 结尾

assertThat("myStringOfNote", endsWith("Note"))

20、endsWithIgnoringCase：匹配字符串以 XX 结尾，忽略大小写

assertThat("myStringOfNote", endsWithIgnoringCase("note"))

21、matchesRegex：匹配字符串是否满足指定正则表达式

assertThat("abc", matchesRegex(Pattern.compile("ˆ[a-z]$"));

assertThat("abc", matchesRegex("ˆ[a-z]+$"));

作者：luojie

链接：http://testingpai.com/article/1599472747188

来源：测试派软件测试论坛

协议：CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/