演讲文本：第四段
In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color ar e concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."
一、单词整理
1. capital /'kæpɪtl/ 首都
2. magnificent /mæg'nɪfəsnt/ : very beautiful or impressive; very great 高尚的，壮丽的
3. Constitution /'kɑnstə'tʊʃən/ 宪法
在此指 the American Constitution 美国宪法
4. Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》注意发音及重音位置：Declaration /ˌdɛklə'reʃən/；Independence /ˌɪndɪ'pɛndəns/ 与Emancipation Proclamation 一样念熟
5. promissory /'prɑmə,sori/ 承诺的
6. heir /ɛr/ 继承人
7. liberty /'lɪbɚti/ 自由
8. default on 违约
default /dɪ'fɔlt/
9. insofar as /ˌɪnsoˈfɑr/ 在...的范围内；到...程度
e.g. I'll help you insofar as I can. 我一定尽力帮助你。
I shall do what I can insofar as I am able.在力所能及的情况下我将尽力而为。
10. unalienable /ʌn'elɪənəbl/ ：impossible to take away or give up 不可剥夺的，不可分离的
11. sacred /'sekrɪd/ very holy 神圣的
sacred obligation 神圣的义务
二、赏析
1. In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check.
In a sense 从某种程度上； 与上文的 dramatize a shameful condition 语意连贯
类比： cash a check 兑换支票 在这里体现语言的艺术，我们要学会善用类比，比喻
2. When the architects of our republic/ wrote the magnificent words/ of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence,/ they were signing a promissory note/ to which every American/ was to fall heir.
朗读长句子时要学会自然断句：主语 干了 什么事， 不能只看标点符号
architect/'ɑrkɪtɛkt/ 基本义：a person who designs building; 在此意思为：a person who is responsible for planning or creating an idea, an event or a situation 设计师；缔造者；创造者（某一机构组织或活动的发起人）
E.g. Eric is one of the architects of the phenomenal English.
He was one of the principal architects of the revolution.
republic: 共和国 在这里指nation（美国;对应首段尾句：in the history of our nation)
fall heir to 继承；which 引到宾语从句，介词to 前置
3. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the “unalienable rights” of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
as well as 并列连词，强调前者而非后者；在此强调black men. 不仅是白人，还有黑人
A as well as B：not only B but also A 强调A
A and B as well as C
E.g. I'm Chinese. I have many foreign friends as well as Chinese friends. (foreign friends 放前面更符合逻辑）
来自独立宣言：“unalienable rights” of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
guarantee /ˌɡærən'ti/ 保证，担保 常用于口语中
E.g. I guaranteed you that your English will be markedly improved after the morning reading.
guarantee someone sth
I guarantee you a car.
4. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."
学会对词进行 同义替换 obvious = evident
default on this promissory note 没有践行诺言
口语表达及演讲可以学到的技巧：重复（强调作用）： a bad check, a check which...
（同上文中的This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men)
E.g. Phenomenal English is an English learning community, a community where we can improve our English more effectively.
简单单接地气的小词： bad
启示：词没有高大上与小学生水平之分，只有合适不合适之别， 比如经济学人中的用词，小而美，接地气
insufficient funds 资金/余额不足 ；在这里表示承诺的没有兑现（与前面的cash a check对应，很形象）比如存取款机里会显示：You have insufficient funds available.
支票上会退票，盖章NSF：No sufficient funds
发音：
连读： in a sense
unalienable /ʌn'elɪənəbl/
cash a check
as well as
heir /ɛr/ h不发音
pursuit 注意英美音的不同：英：/pə'sjuːt/； 美：/pɚ'sut/
背诵佳句：
This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
推荐书目：大久保幸夫《12个工作的基本》
1. 情商高包括自我激励，所以我们要学会给自己一个巴掌，给自己一个枣。
2. 人的压力分为两种：
(积极的压力) eustress /'ju:stres/ VS (不积极的压力) distress
以积极思考为目标，以“学习视角”看待事物
“以让自己满意为目标的准备工作能够给你带来信心，一旦大功告成，就能再添自信。在这样信心不断叠加的过程中，成功的形象就会变得清晰而明确”。
3. 在锻炼传授力的道路上，最大的障碍或许就是太爱说话的性格。身为教员，不能把所有的东西都主动说出来，关键是要向对方提问，让对方思考并给出答案。传授方由于一开始就知道问题的答案，所以说着说着就容易来劲儿，把全部内容都透露出来，这样一来，受教方便一无所获。
4. 提问传授里最重要的是学会“夸奖”和“责备”的技巧。夸奖结果时也要具体到努力付出的过程，让对方体会到过程和结果的双重喜悦。责备时，要责备具体的“行为”，直接告诉对方哪里做的不好，而不要不批评对方的“态度”。责备的同时要给出建设性的建议，直到对方作出积极的回应。
