记住这个函数！记住这个函数！记住这个函数！
重要的事情说三遍，为了让你能更清醒地记住，我再说一遍，记住这个函数！
dput是导出数据结构供重复使用的函数，这是跟别人交流或者请教问题的一个重要函数。比如你在用R分析的时候遇到问题了，有问题的是对某个列表或者数据框进行操作，该怎么让别人可以重复你的错误然后帮你找错呢？这就是这个函数存在的意义。
举个例子，假如你有这样一个数据框：
> staff
name salary years_old
1 zhangsan 1200 20
2 lisi 2200 30
3 wangwu 3200 40
然后你想给每个人涨200块并更新表格，想做个简单计算：
> staff$salary <- staff$salary + 200
Error in staff$salary + 200 : non-numeric argument to binary operator
我擦，什么鬼，英文我不懂，想请教下别人怎么帮你解决，你这时候就用的上dput函数了。
于是你使用这个函数把数据存取，发布到给专家：
> dput(staff)
structure(list(name = structure(c(3L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("lisi",
"wangwu", "zhangsan"), class = "factor"), salary = c("1200",
"2200", "3200"), years_old = c(20, 30, 40)), .Names = c("name",
"salary", "years_old"), row.names = c(NA, -3L), class = "data.frame")
为了区别，专家用a表示staff把你的数据结构在他的电脑上重现：
> a <- structure(list(name = structure(c(3L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("lisi", "wangwu", "zhangsan"), class = "factor"), salary = c("1200",
+ "2200", "3200"), years_old = c(20, 30, 40)), .Names = c("name", "salary", "years_old"), row.names = c(NA, -3L), class = "data.frame")
然后就可以帮你检查了：
> str(a)
'data.frame': 3 obs. of 3 variables:
$ name : Factor w/ 3 levels "lisi","wangwu",..: 3 1 2
$ salary : chr "1200" "2200" "3200"
$ years_old: num 20 30 40
喔~原来salary变量是字符向量，不能做数学运算。帮你修改：
> a$salary <- as.integer(a$salary)
> a$salary <- a$salary + 200
> a
name salary years_old
1 zhangsan 1400 20
2 lisi 2400 30
3 wangwu 3400 40
导出：
> dput(a)
structure(list(name = structure(c(3L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("lisi",
"wangwu", "zhangsan"), class = "factor"), salary = c(1400, 2400,
3400), years_old = c(20, 30, 40)), .Names = c("name", "salary",
"years_old"), row.names = c(NA, -3L), class = "data.frame")
然后你把结果拷贝并导回，工作完成：
> salary <- structure(list(name = structure(c(3L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("lisi",
+ "wangwu", "zhangsan"), class = "factor"), salary = c(1400, 2400,
+ 3400), years_old = c(20, 30, 40)), .Names = c("name", "salary",
+ "years_old"), row.names = c(NA, -3L), class = "data.frame")
> salary
name salary years_old
1 zhangsan 1400 20
2 lisi 2400 30
3 wangwu 3400 40
