原题
对于一个数组,我们可以对其建立一棵线段树, 每个结点存储一个额外的值count来代表这个结点所指代的数组区间内的元素个数. (数组中并不一定每个位置上都有元素)
实现一个query的方法,该方法接受三个参数root, start和end, 分别代表线段树的根节点和需要查询的区间,找到数组中在区间[start, end]内的元素个数。
对于数组 [0, 2, 3], 对应的线段树为:
[0, 3, count=3]
/ \
[0,1,count=1] [2,3,count=2]
/ \ / \
[0,0,count=1] [1,1,count=0] [2,2,count=1], [3,3,count=1]
query(1, 1), return 0
query(1, 2), return 1
query(2, 3), return 2
query(0, 2), return 2
解题思路
- 本题为值型线段树的Query
- 如果查询区间 == 节点表示区间 => 直接返回root.count
- 如果查询区间被节点表示的左/右区间包含 => 递归搜索左/右区间
- 如果查询区间和结点表示的区间相交不相等 => 分裂递归搜索左/右区间
- 典型的divide & conquer
- 最后返回 leftCount + rightCount
完整代码
"""
Definition of SegmentTreeNode:
class SegmentTreeNode:
def __init__(self, start, end, count):
self.start, self.end, self.count = start, end, count
self.left, self.right = None, None
"""
class Solution:
# @param root, start, end: The root of segment tree and
# an segment / interval
# @return: The count number in the interval [start, end]
def query(self, root, start, end):
if start > end or root == None:
return 0
if root.start >= start and root.end <= end:
return root.count
mid = root.start + (root.end - root.start) / 2
leftCount, rightCount = 0, 0
if start <= mid:
if mid < end:
leftCount = self.query(root.left, start, mid)
else:
leftCount = self.query(root.left, start, end)
if mid < end:
if start <= mid:
rightCount = self.query(root.right, mid + 1, end)
else:
rightCount = self.query(root.right, start, end)
return leftCount + rightCount