摘要
本文讲解12306网站接口查询火车时刻表信息
接口中用到的方法在文章最后
一、 根据车次查询内部火车编号
接口:https://search.12306.cn/search/v1/train/search
参数: keyword, date
请求类型: GET
/**
* 根据车次名称查询列车编号
* @param keyword 车次名
* @param date 发车日期 (格式: yyyyMMdd)
*/
private List<TrainInfo> searchTrainInfos(String keyword, String date) {
date = checkTrainSearchDate(date, "yyyyMMdd")
String response = HttpUtils.sendGet("https://search.12306.cn/search/v1/train/search",
"keyword=" + keyword.trim() + "&date=" + date);
JSONObject object = new JSONObject(response);
if (object.optBoolean("status")) {
JSONArray data = object.optJSONArray("data");
if (data != null) {
return JSON.parseArray(data.toString(), TrainInfo.class);
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("未查询到车次信息. " + object.optString("errorMsg"));
}
列车信息实体类 TrainInfo
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 车次信息
*/
@Data
public class TrainInfo implements Serializable {
private String date ;
@JsonProperty(value = "from_station")
private String fromStation ;
@JsonProperty(value = "station_train_code")
private String stationTrainCode ;
@JsonProperty(value = "to_station")
private String toStation ;
@JsonProperty(value = "total_num")
private String totalNum ;
@JsonProperty(value = "train_no")
private String trainNo ;
}
二、 根据列车编号查询时刻表信息
接口:https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/queryTrainInfo/query
参数: trainNo, date
请求类型: GET
/**
* 根据列车编号查询时刻表信息
* @param trainNo 列车编号, 是上面接口返回数据中心的train_no
* @param date 查询日期 (格式: yyyy-MM-dd)
*/
private List<TrainStation> searchTrainStations(String trainNo, String date) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(trainNo)) {
throw new RuntimeException("未查询到相关列车信息");
}
date = checkTrainSearchDate(date, "yyyy-MM-dd");
String response = HttpUtils.sendGet("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/queryTrainInfo/query",
"leftTicketDTO.train_no="+ trainNo +"&leftTicketDTO.train_date="+date +"&rand_code=");
JSONObject object = new JSONObject(response);
if (object.optBoolean("status")) {
JSONObject jsonObject = object.optJSONObject("data");
if (jsonObject != null) {
JSONArray array = jsonObject.optJSONArray("data");
if (array != null) {
List<TrainStation> list = JSON.parseArray(array.toString(), TrainStation.class);
TrainStation station = list.get(0);
list.forEach(i -> {
i.setStartStationName(station.getStartStationName());
i.setEndStationName(station.getEndStationName());
i.setTrainClassName(station.getTrainClassName());
});
return list;
}
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("未查询到相关列车信息. " + JSON.toJSONString(object.opt("messages")));
}
列车到站时刻详情
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 列车到站时刻详情
* @author xyang
* @date 2021-08-02 9:15
*/
@Data
public class TrainStation implements Serializable {
/** 车站名称 */
@JsonProperty(value = "station_name")
private String stationName;
/** 列车类型 */
@JsonProperty(value = "train_class_name")
private String trainClassName;
/** 是否起始站 (y/n)*/
@JsonProperty(value = "is_start")
private String isStart;
@JsonProperty(value = "service_type")
private String serviceType;
/** 起始站点名称 */
@JsonProperty(value = "start_station_name")
private String startStationName;
/** 终点站名称 */
@JsonProperty(value = "end_station_name")
private String endStationName;
/** 发车时间 */
@JsonProperty(value = "start_time")
private String startTime;
/** 到站时间 */
@JsonProperty(value = "arrive_time")
private String arriveTime;
/** 车次编号 */
@JsonProperty(value = "station_train_code")
private String stationTrainCode;
/** 到站顺序 */
@JsonProperty(value = "station_no")
private String stationNo;
@JsonProperty(value = "wz_num")
private String wzNum;
/** 到站历时天数 (0:当天, 1:次日, 2:第三日, ....) */
@JsonProperty(value = "arrive_day_diff")
private Integer arriveDayDiff;
/** 历时时长 */
@JsonProperty(value = "running_time")
private String runningTime;
/** 历时 (当日到达, 次日到达...)*/
@JsonProperty(value = "arrive_day_str")
private String arriveDayStr;
@JsonProperty(value = "OT")
private List<Object> ot;
}
其他
时间校验 checkTrainSearchDate
/**
* 校验时间格式是否正确, 并将字符串转为日期(防止日期格式未按要求)
* @param date 日期字符串
* @param format 描述日期和时间格式的模式
*/
private String checkTrainSearchDate(String date, String format) {
if(StringUtils.isBlank(date)) {
throw new RuntimeException("查询日期不能为空!");
}
if(StringUtils.isBlank(format)) {
throw new RuntimeException("日期格式化参数错误!");
}
Date parseDate = DateUtils.parseDate(date);
if (parseDate == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("查询日期格式校验错误!");
}
if (DateUtils.truncatedCompareTo(parseDate, new Date(), Calendar.DATE) < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("查询日期不能早于当前日期");
}
return DateUtils.dateFormat(parseDate, format);
}
时间工具类 DateUtils
// 时间工具类
public class DateUtils extends org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateUtils {
public static String YYYY = "yyyy";
public static String YYYY_MM = "yyyy-MM";
public static String YYYY_MM_DD = "yyyy-MM-dd";
public static String YYYYMMDDHHMMSS = "yyyyMMddHHmmss";
public static String YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
private static String[] parsePatterns = {
"yyyy-MM-dd", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm", "yyyy-MM",
"yyyy/MM/dd", "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm", "yyyy/MM",
"yyyy.MM.dd", "yyyy.MM.dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy.MM.dd HH:mm", "yyyy.MM"};
/**
* 格式化日期
*/
public static String dateFormat(Date date,String format) {
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(format);
if(ObjectUtils.isEmpty(date)){
date = new Date();
}
return simpleDateFormat.format(date);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("日期格式化失败");
}
}
/**
* 日期型字符串转化为日期 格式
*/
public static Date parseDate(Object str) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
try{
return parseDate(str.toString(), parsePatterns);
}
catch (ParseException e){
return null;
}
}
}
**通用http发送方法 HttpUtils **
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* 通用http发送方法
*
* @author ruoyi
*/
public class HttpUtils {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtils.class);
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
return sendGet(url, param, "UTF-8");
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @param contentType 编码类型
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String param, String contentType) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
log.info("sendGet - {}", urlNameString);
URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
connection.connect();
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), contentType));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
result.append(line);
}
log.info("recv - {}", result);
} catch (ConnectException e) {
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendGet Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
} finally {
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
}
}
return result.toString();
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {
PrintWriter out = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
try {
log.info("sendPost - {}", url);
URL realUrl = new URL(url);
URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
out.print(param);
out.flush();
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
result.append(line);
}
log.info("recv - {}", result);
} catch (ConnectException e) {
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
} finally {
try {
if (out != null) {
out.close();
}
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
}
}
return result.toString();
}
}