Apache
Apache基本操作
- 安装 yum install httpd(centos)
- 启动 service httpd start
- 停止 service httpd stop
注意防火墙(firewalld)
(操作演示:)
(访问服务器80端口)
Apache的虚拟主机配置和伪静态操作
虚拟主机配置
- 编辑配置文件/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
cd /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
vim httpd.conf
# virtual host being defined.
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.fxqp1202.com
DocumentRoot /data/www
<Directory>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
#
- 重启httpd服务
service httpd restart
- 创建DocumentRoot
mkdir -p /data/www
- 将目录所有者设置为其它非root用户
sudo chown -R(递归) alice:alice /data
-
指定域名所对应的服务器
vim /etc/hosts
(如果是公网,需要将自己购买的域名先解析到自己的服务器,这样设置一下字段是才会有用,否则公网DNS查询时,查询不到ip。)
39.98.164.240 www.fxqp1202.com
39.98.164.240 www.fxqp1202.xin
(通过域名来区分不同的虚机)
(阿里云解析DNS需要实名认证,否则会产生异常。)
临时设置强制和宽松模式( SELinux)
setenforce 1(强制模式)
setenforce 0(宽松模式)
直接SELinux设置
vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
伪静态操作
(比如php写的文件,访问的时候应该是php结尾,但是,使用伪静态,可以以html结尾,有利于SEO优化。)
- 查看一下伪静态相关的module文件
cd /etc/httpd/modules
与伪静态相关的module文件:mod_rewrite.so
- 配置文件中加载伪静态模块
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/LoadModule(查找到相应的位置)
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
- 设置具体的伪静态规则
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.fxqp1202.com
DocumentRoot /data/www
<Directory>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
RewrireRule ^(.*).htmp$ index.html
<IfModule>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
- 重启httpd
- (所有的.htmp文件都会重定向到index.html)
- 访问
Nginx
nginx的基本操作
- 安装
- 添加Centos7 Nginx yum资源库
sudo rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
- 安装
sudo yum install -y nginx
- 启动
service nginx start
[root@fxqp1202 ~]# service nginx start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start nginx.service
[root@fxqp1202 ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 3402 1 0 21:19 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx 3403 3402 0 21:19 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 3405 3232 0 21:19 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@fxqp1202 ~]#
- 停止(stop)
- 重启(restart)
- 重载
(nginx服务器重启过程中,用户无法访问。)
(而重载是无缝迁移。)
service nginx reload
- 查看配置文件
[root@fxqp1202 ~] cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
- 看看根目录
(cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html)
(这个就是欢迎页面的内容!)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
虚拟主机配置
- 首先复制一份配置文件
(cp default.conf fxqp1202.conf)
server {
listen 80;
# listen 8000;(可以监听多个端口)
server_name www.fxqp1202.com;
# server_name www.fxqp1202.com www.imooc.test;(多域名)
# 域名需要设置DNS解析,(Host文件)
location / {
root /data/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
- 重载
- 访问