概述
Netty底层基于java nio,本章节将通过服务端启动流程,对其进行分析,从中了解Netty原理。
服务端启动代码
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(...)
.childOption(...)
.attr(...)
.childAttr(...)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<ServerSocketChannel>() {...})
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {...});
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8888).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
Netty服务端通过ServerBootstrap这个引导类进行配置并启动
- group:通过配置两个线程池组指定其线程模型
- channel:配置IO模型为NIO
- option方法:配置TCP底层属性
- childOption:为新连接配置TCP底层属性
- attr:为NioServerSocketChannel配置自定义属性
- childAttr:为新连接配置自定义属性
- handler:配置新连接建立前的逻辑处理器
- childHandler:配置新连接建立后的逻辑处理器。
- bind:绑定端口,启动服务。
服务端启动流程
服务端启动的核心是bind方法,启动过程包括以下几个步骤:
- 初始化:创建并初始化NioServerSocketChannel
- 注册:将ServerSocketChannel注册到bossGroup中的某个EventLoop对应的Selector上
- 绑定:绑定端口,注册OP_ACCEPT事件
ServerBootstrap#bind
->AbstractBootstrap#doBind
->initAndRegister
->ReflectiveChannelFactory#newChannel
->ServerBootstrap#init
->AbstractUnsafe#register
->doBind0
->AbstractUnsafe#bind
->AbstractNioUnsafe#doBeginRead
创建Selector
在实例化线程池组NioEventLoopGroup时,默认会创建2倍CPU核心数的NioEventLoop,每个NioEventLoop对应一个Java NIO的 Selector对象。
Selector selector = SelectorProvider.openSelector();
创建NioServerSocketChannel
#AbstractBootstrap
private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
...
}
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
Channel channel = channelFactory.newChannel();
...
}
在配置引导类的channel属性时,会初始化AbstractBootstrap对象的channelFactory属性,channelFactory类型为ReflectiveChannelFactory<NioServerSocketChannel>,channelFactory#newChannel内部通过反射进行NioServerSocketChannel对象的创建。
NioServerSocketChannel实例化时会创建JDK底层的ServerSocketChannel,同时会调用其父类构造方法设置NioServerSocketChannel为非阻塞模式,并初始化ChannelId、Unsafe、DefaultChannelPipeline这几个属性。
初始化NioServerSocketChannel
#AbstractBootstrap
void init(Channel channel) throws Exception {
...
ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();
// 配置ChannelPipeline
p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
if (handler != null) {
pipeline.addLast(handler);
}
ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
}
});
}
});
}
初始化主要配置 NioServerSocketChannel的TCP底层参数、配置自定义属性、初始化新连接TCP底层配置属性与自定义属性、配置ChannelPipeline。
ChannelInitializer#initChannel方法将在ServerSocketChannel注册到Selector上,触发回调时执行。initChannel方法会将自定义Handler添加到pipline中,同时通过串行无锁化的方式将一个内置的Handler:ServerBootstrapAcceptor添加到pipline中,这个ServerBootstrapAcceptor作用是接收到新连接后,将新连接注册到workGroup中的某个EventLoop对应的Selector上。
注册
#AbstractBootstrap
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
...
ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);
...
}
注册分为三步,第一步:绑定NioEventLoop,第二步:将ServerSocketChannel注册到Selector上,第三步:触发事件
AbstractChannel#register0
->MultithreadEventLoopGroup#register
->SingleThreadEventLoop#register
->AbstractUnsafe#register
->AbstractUnsafe#register0
->AbstractNioChannel#doRegister
->DefaultChannelPipeline#invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded
->DefaultChannelPipeline#fireChannelRegistered
- 绑定NioEventLoop:在实例化NioEventLoopGroup时会初始化一个chooser对象:EventExecutorChooser,该选择器目的就是选择一个NioEventLoop
#MultithreadEventLoopGroup
public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) {
return next().register(channel);
}
public EventLoop next() {
return (EventLoop) super.next();
}
public EventExecutor next() {
return chooser.next();
}
- 注册到Selector:将ServerSocketChannel注册到EventLoop对应的Selector上,并且将当前的NioServerSocketChannel作为一个attachment绑定到jdk底层的channel中,方便后续获取
#AbstractNioChannel#AbstractNioUnsafe
protected void doRegister() throws Exception {
...
selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().selector, 0, this);
...
}
- 触发事件:触发handlerAdded事件,ChannelInitializer#handlerAdded方法会判断channel是否注册,此时已经注册,会调用initChannel方法添加handler。触发channelRegistered事件,调用DefaultChannelPipeline#fireChannelRegistered方法传播channelRegistered事件。
绑定
绑定最终会调用NioServerSocketChannel#doBind方法,其中javaChannel是初始化ServerBootstrap时创建的ServerSocketChannel。
#NioServerSocketChannel
protected void doBind(SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception {
if (PlatformDependent.javaVersion() >= 7) {
javaChannel().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
} else {
javaChannel().socket().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
}
}
绑定成功后会触发channelActive事件,最终会调用AbstractNioChannel#doBeginRead方法注册OP_ACCEPT事件
#AbstractNioChannel
protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
// Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() was called
final SelectionKey selectionKey = this.selectionKey;
if (!selectionKey.isValid()) {
return;
}
readPending = true;
// 注册OP_ACCEPT事件,
final int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
if ((interestOps & readInterestOp) == 0) {
selectionKey.interestOps(interestOps | readInterestOp);
}
}