一、组合模式的原理
组合模式原理：将一组对象组织（Compose）成树形结构，以表示一种“部分 - 整体”的层次结构。
特别说明：组合优于继承，该组合是指组合关系，并不是组合模式。

public abstract class FileSystemNode {
  protected String path;

  public FileSystemNode(String path) {
    this.path = path;
  }

  public abstract int countNumOfFiles();
  public abstract long countSizeOfFiles();

  public String getPath() {
    return path;
  }
}

public class File extends FileSystemNode {
  public File(String path) {
    super(path);
  }

  @Override
  public int countNumOfFiles() {
    return 1;
  }

  @Override
  public long countSizeOfFiles() {
    java.io.File file = new java.io.File(path);
    if (!file.exists()) return 0;
    return file.length();
  }
}

public class Directory extends FileSystemNode {
  private List<FileSystemNode> subNodes = new ArrayList<>();

  public Directory(String path) {
    super(path);
  }

  @Override
  public int countNumOfFiles() {
    int numOfFiles = 0;
    for (FileSystemNode fileOrDir : subNodes) {
      numOfFiles += fileOrDir.countNumOfFiles();
    }
    return numOfFiles;
  }

  @Override
  public long countSizeOfFiles() {
    long sizeofFiles = 0;
    for (FileSystemNode fileOrDir : subNodes) {
      sizeofFiles += fileOrDir.countSizeOfFiles();
    }
    return sizeofFiles;
  }

  public void addSubNode(FileSystemNode fileOrDir) {
    subNodes.add(fileOrDir);
  }

  public void removeSubNode(FileSystemNode fileOrDir) {
    int size = subNodes.size();
    int i = 0;
    for (; i < size; ++i) {
      if (subNodes.get(i).getPath().equalsIgnoreCase(fileOrDir.getPath())) {
        break;
      }
    }
    if (i < size) {
      subNodes.remove(i);
    }
  }
}


public class Demo {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    /**
     * /
     * /wz/
     * /wz/a.txt
     * /wz/b.txt
     * /wz/movies/
     * /wz/movies/c.avi
     * /xzg/
     * /xzg/docs/
     * /xzg/docs/d.txt
     */
    Directory fileSystemTree = new Directory("/");
    Directory node_wz = new Directory("/wz/");
    Directory node_xzg = new Directory("/xzg/");
    fileSystemTree.addSubNode(node_wz);
    fileSystemTree.addSubNode(node_xzg);

    File node_wz_a = new File("/wz/a.txt");
    File node_wz_b = new File("/wz/b.txt");
    Directory node_wz_movies = new Directory("/wz/movies/");
    node_wz.addSubNode(node_wz_a);
    node_wz.addSubNode(node_wz_b);
    node_wz.addSubNode(node_wz_movies);

    File node_wz_movies_c = new File("/wz/movies/c.avi");
    node_wz_movies.addSubNode(node_wz_movies_c);

    Directory node_xzg_docs = new Directory("/xzg/docs/");
    node_xzg.addSubNode(node_xzg_docs);

    File node_xzg_docs_d = new File("/xzg/docs/d.txt");
    node_xzg_docs.addSubNode(node_xzg_docs_d);

    System.out.println("/ files num:" + fileSystemTree.countNumOfFiles());
    System.out.println("/wz/ files num:" + node_wz.countNumOfFiles());
  }
}

组合模式的设计实现：对业务场景的一种数据结构和算法的抽象。

二、应用场景
假设我们在开发一个 OA 系统（办公自动化系统）。公司的组织结构包含部门和员工两种数据类型。其中，部门又可以包含子部门和员工。在数据库中的表结构如下所示：

图1.jpg

目的是在内存中构建整个公司的人员架构图（部门、子部门、员工的隶属关系），并且提供接口计算出部门的薪资成本（隶属于这个部门的所有员工的薪资和）。部门包含子部门和员工可以表示成树数据结构，因此可以使用组合模式来设计和实现。

public abstract class HumanResource {
  protected long id;
  protected double salary;

  public HumanResource(long id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public long getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public abstract double calculateSalary();
}

public class Employee extends HumanResource {
  public Employee(long id, double salary) {
    super(id);
    this.salary = salary;
  }

  @Override
  public double calculateSalary() {
    return salary;
  }
}

public class Department extends HumanResource {
  private List<HumanResource> subNodes = new ArrayList<>();

  public Department(long id) {
    super(id);
  }

  @Override
  public double calculateSalary() {
    double totalSalary = 0;
    for (HumanResource hr : subNodes) {
      totalSalary += hr.calculateSalary();
    }
    this.salary = totalSalary;
    return totalSalary;
  }

  public void addSubNode(HumanResource hr) {
    subNodes.add(hr);
  }
}

// 构建组织架构的代码
public class Demo {
  private static final long ORGANIZATION_ROOT_ID = 1001;
  private DepartmentRepo departmentRepo; // 依赖注入
  private EmployeeRepo employeeRepo; // 依赖注入

  public void buildOrganization() {
    Department rootDepartment = new Department(ORGANIZATION_ROOT_ID);
    buildOrganization(rootDepartment);
  }

  private void buildOrganization(Department department) {
    List<Long> subDepartmentIds = departmentRepo.getSubDepartmentIds(department.getId());
    for (Long subDepartmentId : subDepartmentIds) {
      Department subDepartment = new Department(subDepartmentId);
      department.addSubNode(subDepartment);
      buildOrganization(subDepartment);
    }
    List<Long> employeeIds = employeeRepo.getDepartmentEmployeeIds(department.getId());
    for (Long employeeId : employeeIds) {
      double salary = employeeRepo.getEmployeeSalary(employeeId);
      department.addSubNode(new Employee(employeeId, salary));
    }
  }
}

三、总结
组合模式的设计思路，与其说是一种设计模式，倒不如说是对业务场景的一种数据结构和算法的抽象。其中，数据可以表示成树这种数据结构，业务需求可以通过在树上的递归遍历算法来实现。

文章参考王争老师的《设计模式之美》。