近日有心对MapServer和GeoServer做一次对比，讲真，如果要想做二次开发一定是基于MapServer，如果只是简单用一下，首选肯定得是GeoServer。MapServer是基于C语言的，而且是CGI模式，很好用其它语言包装（Wrapper）。
Mapserver为什么不被大众熟知，主要还是因为它没有可视化的操作界面，其官网使用和阅读起来也很困难。
所以后续我将投入精力基于Mapserver来构建一套GIS服务引擎，当然我可能会收费，但是价格将会极低。
参考信息：
MS4W版本：4.0.5
（Mapserver编译过程较复杂，本次将不介绍编译过程，直接采用已编译好的ms4w内的相关包，直接下载zip Archive，里面带有数据。MS4W是目前唯一一个Mapserver在Windows上维护得还可以用的已编译好版本，主要基于Apache进行CGI的实现，另外还集成了GDAL、proj等GIS专业库）
ms4w_4.0.5.zip解压后文件结构：
实验环境：windows10
Node.js版本：10.17.0
Node.js框架：EGG2.2.1
研究过程：
晚上研究到1.30，眼睛都快瞎了，终于找到了问题的关键。
一些关键点：
解压ms4w_4.0.5.zip
复制ms4w\Apache\cgi-bin文件夹内容到自己需要的地方
复制ms4w\apps\local-demo文件夹内容到自己需要的地方
修改local-demo/local.map的内容如下（主要是注释掉一些会报错的东西，如：SYMBOLSET、FONTSET、PROJECTION、IMAGEPATH、IMAGEURL、FONT等），：
/*
Description: Simple map to display on MS4W localhost ( http://127.0.0.1 )
Also configured for WMS service, and includes GeoJSON output
Data source: NaturalEarth dataset, in SpatiaLite format.
Other notes: Open this mapfile in Notepad++, and use the color syntax file
from https://ms4w.com/trac/wiki/Notepad++MapServerStyle
Author: Jeff McKenna, GatewayGeo, info@gatewaygeomatics.com
Last updated: 2020-11-24
*/
MAP
NAME "local-demo"
STATUS ON
SIZE 600 400
# SYMBOLSET "../etc/symbols.txt"
EXTENT -180 -90 180 90
UNITS DD
SHAPEPATH "./data"
IMAGECOLOR 255 255 255
# FONTSET "../etc/fonts.txt"
# PROJECTION
# "init=epsg:4326"
# END
WEB
IMAGEPATH "/temp/"
IMAGEURL "/temp/"
METADATA
"wms_title" "MS4W Demo WMS Server"
"wms_abstract" "This demonstration server was setup by GatewayGeo (https://gatewaygeomatics.com/) and is powered by MS4W (https://ms4w.com/)."
"wms_onlineresource" "http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/mapserv.exe?map=/ms4w/apps/local-demo/local.map"
"wms_service_onlineresource" "https://gatewaygeomatics.com/"
"wms_contactperson" "Jeff McKenna"
"wms_contactorganization" "GatewayGeo"
"wms_contactposition" "President"
"wms_contactelectronicmailaddress" "info@gatewaygeomatics.com"
"wms_srs" "EPSG:4326 EPSG:3857 EPSG:4269"
"wms_getfeatureinfo_formatlist" "text/plain,text/html,application/json,application/vnd.ogc.gml,gml"
"wms_enable_request" "*"
END
END
OUTPUTFORMAT
NAME "png"
DRIVER AGG/PNG
MIMETYPE "image/png"
IMAGEMODE RGB
EXTENSION "png"
FORMATOPTION "GAMMA=0.75"
END
OUTPUTFORMAT
NAME "application/json"
DRIVER "OGR/GEOJSON"
MIMETYPE "application/json"
FORMATOPTION "FORM=SIMPLE"
FORMATOPTION "STORAGE=memory"
END
/* Ocean */
LAYER
NAME "ocean"
METADATA
"wms_title" "Ocean"
"wms_include_items" "all"
"gml_include_items" "all"
"gml_featureid" "ogc_fid"
END
TYPE POLYGON
STATUS ON
CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
CONNECTION "demo.db"
DATA "ocean"
# PROJECTION
# "init=epsg:4326"
# END
CLASS
NAME "Ocean"
STYLE
COLOR 134 204 249
END
END
TEMPLATE "ttt.html"
END # layer
/* Countries */
LAYER
NAME "countries"
METADATA
"wms_title" "World Countries"
"wms_include_items" "all"
"gml_include_items" "all"
"gml_featureid" "ogc_fid"
END
TYPE POLYGON
STATUS ON
CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
CONNECTION "demo.db"
DATA "countries"
# PROJECTION
# "init=epsg:4326"
# END
LABELITEM "name"
CLASS
NAME "World Countries"
STYLE
COLOR 200 200 200
OUTLINECOLOR 0 0 0
WIDTH 0.1
END
LABEL
# FONT sans
TYPE truetype
POSITION AUTO
PARTIALS FALSE
BUFFER 5
SIZE 5
COLOR 75 75 75
MINFEATURESIZE 10
END
END
TEMPLATE "ttt.html"
END # layer
/* Lakes */
LAYER
NAME "lakes"
METADATA
"wms_title" "World Lakes"
"wms_include_items" "all"
"gml_include_items" "all"
"gml_featureid" "ogc_fid"
END
TYPE POLYGON
STATUS ON
CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
CONNECTION "demo.db"
DATA "lakes"
# PROJECTION
# "init=epsg:4326"
# END
CLASS
NAME "Lakes"
STYLE
COLOR 153 204 255
END
END
TEMPLATE "ttt.html"
END # layer
/* Ocean labels */
LAYER
NAME "ocean-labels"
METADATA
"wms_title" "Ocean Labels"
"wms_include_items" "all"
"gml_include_items" "all"
"gml_featureid" "ogc_fid"
END
TYPE POLYGON
STATUS ON
CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
CONNECTION "demo.db"
DATA "marine_region_poly"
# PROJECTION
# "init=epsg:4326"
# END
LABELITEM "name"
CLASS
NAME "Ocean Labels"
LABEL
COLOR 75 75 75
# FONT sans-italic
TYPE truetype
SIZE 5
POSITION AUTO
PARTIALS FALSE
BUFFER 5
END
#MAXSCALEDENOM 50000000
END
TEMPLATE "ttt.html"
END # layer
/* Places */
LAYER
NAME "places"
METADATA
"wms_title" "Populated Places"
"wms_include_items" "all"
"gml_include_items" "all"
"gml_featureid" "ogc_fid"
END
TYPE POINT
STATUS ON
CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
CONNECTION "demo.db"
DATA "places"
# PROJECTION
# "init=epsg:4326"
# END
LABELITEM "name"
CLASS
NAME "Populated Places"
SYMBOL "square"
SIZE 4
COLOR 150 150 150
LABEL
COLOR 75 75 75
# FONT sans
TYPE truetype
SIZE 5
POSITION AUTO
PARTIALS FALSE
BUFFER 5
END
MAXSCALEDENOM 50000000
END
TEMPLATE "ttt.html"
END # layer
END # Map File
获取示例url请求参数：
启动ms4w，浏览器打开：http://localhost/
打开F12，拖动默认地图，获取到network里面的请求地址：
如果需要让坐标系转换不报错修改如下配置，FONT字体同理
配置坐标系转换参数（好像忘记这个配置是自己在.map文件里自己加还是在其它地方改了，估计是自己加吧）
CONFIG "PROJ_LIB" "D:\software\nginx-1.13.4\proj\nad"
修改请求参数，并用本地命令行执行输出到本地文件（要使用cmd来执行，不能用powershell执行，原因未知）,命令如下：
.\mapserv.exe -nh QUERY_STRING="map=../mapconfig/local-demo/local.map&layers=ocean%20countries%20lakes%20ocean-labels%20places&mode=map&map_imagetype=png&mapext=75.2755005+24.56595675+120.3506505+54.61605675&imgext=75.2755005+24.56595675+120.3506505+54.61605675&map_size=600+400&imgx=300&imgy=200&imgxy=600+400" >test.png
本地输出的时候要加上-nh ,防止http请求头被写入到文件中，导致文件读不出来。
epsg:4326要小写，它是大小写敏感的。
本地磁盘生成了test.png图片，并且可以打开，说明测试成功。
经对比发现mapserver在300万数据量情况下输出png文件的速度大约为mapserver的3倍。
怎么把它成体系地用起来呢，这是个大问题。
GIS引擎开发
最近自己用Mapserver包装了一个GIS引擎作为Geoserver的替代方案，适合小微企业和个人用户，下载地址：
解压密码：2234，后续我将按计划进行完善，力争做到轻量、易用、稳定、高性能、开源。
同时我将按低价提供服务，并低价出售源代码，以保证日常开销。
